Surface Porousization of Hard Carbon Anode Materials for Sodium-Ion Batteries
Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have been considered as a promising alternative to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) for large-scale energy storage. However, the commercial graphite anode is not suitable for SIBs due to its low Na<sup>+</sup> ion storage capability. Currently, hard carbon has bee...
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2025-06-01
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| author | Qianhui Huang Shunzhang You Chenghao Yang |
| author_facet | Qianhui Huang Shunzhang You Chenghao Yang |
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| description | Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have been considered as a promising alternative to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) for large-scale energy storage. However, the commercial graphite anode is not suitable for SIBs due to its low Na<sup>+</sup> ion storage capability. Currently, hard carbon has been considered a promising anode material for SIBs. Herein, the surface porousized hard carbon anode materials have been prepared by using hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) with a hydrothermal method (HC-HO) and utilized as the anode material for SIBs. The porous structure of HC-HO provides more storage space for Na<sup>+</sup> ions and enhances the intercalation/deintercalation reversibility and diffusion rate of Na<sup>+</sup> ions. Moreover, HC-HO can effectively alleviate the particle volume expansion and generate a thin and stable SEI film during charge/discharge processes. Thus, the HC-HO exhibits a high reversible capacity (314.4 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> with an ICE of 92.3% at 0.05 C), excellent rate performance (241.4 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> at 3 C), and outstanding cycling stability (a capacity retention of 78.6% after 500 cycles at 1 C). The preparation of porous hard carbon provides new ideas for the future development direction of hard carbon. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
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| spelling | doaj-art-9cfa45a9d0624748bf5115ffff51e4122025-08-20T03:36:12ZengMDPI AGMicromachines2072-666X2025-06-0116777110.3390/mi16070771Surface Porousization of Hard Carbon Anode Materials for Sodium-Ion BatteriesQianhui Huang0Shunzhang You1Chenghao Yang2China Southern Power Grid Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510080, ChinaGuangzhou Key Laboratory for Surface Chemistry of Energy Materials, New Energy Research Institute, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, ChinaGuangzhou Key Laboratory for Surface Chemistry of Energy Materials, New Energy Research Institute, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, ChinaSodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have been considered as a promising alternative to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) for large-scale energy storage. However, the commercial graphite anode is not suitable for SIBs due to its low Na<sup>+</sup> ion storage capability. Currently, hard carbon has been considered a promising anode material for SIBs. Herein, the surface porousized hard carbon anode materials have been prepared by using hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) with a hydrothermal method (HC-HO) and utilized as the anode material for SIBs. The porous structure of HC-HO provides more storage space for Na<sup>+</sup> ions and enhances the intercalation/deintercalation reversibility and diffusion rate of Na<sup>+</sup> ions. Moreover, HC-HO can effectively alleviate the particle volume expansion and generate a thin and stable SEI film during charge/discharge processes. Thus, the HC-HO exhibits a high reversible capacity (314.4 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> with an ICE of 92.3% at 0.05 C), excellent rate performance (241.4 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> at 3 C), and outstanding cycling stability (a capacity retention of 78.6% after 500 cycles at 1 C). The preparation of porous hard carbon provides new ideas for the future development direction of hard carbon.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/16/7/771sodium-ion batterieshard carbonelectrochemical performancespecific capacityinitial coulombic efficiency |
| spellingShingle | Qianhui Huang Shunzhang You Chenghao Yang Surface Porousization of Hard Carbon Anode Materials for Sodium-Ion Batteries Micromachines sodium-ion batteries hard carbon electrochemical performance specific capacity initial coulombic efficiency |
| title | Surface Porousization of Hard Carbon Anode Materials for Sodium-Ion Batteries |
| title_full | Surface Porousization of Hard Carbon Anode Materials for Sodium-Ion Batteries |
| title_fullStr | Surface Porousization of Hard Carbon Anode Materials for Sodium-Ion Batteries |
| title_full_unstemmed | Surface Porousization of Hard Carbon Anode Materials for Sodium-Ion Batteries |
| title_short | Surface Porousization of Hard Carbon Anode Materials for Sodium-Ion Batteries |
| title_sort | surface porousization of hard carbon anode materials for sodium ion batteries |
| topic | sodium-ion batteries hard carbon electrochemical performance specific capacity initial coulombic efficiency |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/16/7/771 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT qianhuihuang surfaceporousizationofhardcarbonanodematerialsforsodiumionbatteries AT shunzhangyou surfaceporousizationofhardcarbonanodematerialsforsodiumionbatteries AT chenghaoyang surfaceporousizationofhardcarbonanodematerialsforsodiumionbatteries |