Synergistic Enhancement of Fire Retardancy and Mechanical Performance in Silicone Foams Using Halogen-Free Fillers
This study explores the flame retardancy and structural behavior of silicone foam composites filled with halogen-free flame retardants, aiming to evaluate their feasibility for use in mass transportation applications. Silicone foam specimens incorporating magnesium hydroxide and expandable graphite...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Fire |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2571-6255/8/7/243 |
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| author | Seong-Jun Park Tae-Soon Kwon Hee-Joong Sim Yeon-Gyo Seo Kyungwho Choi Hong-Lae Jang |
| author_facet | Seong-Jun Park Tae-Soon Kwon Hee-Joong Sim Yeon-Gyo Seo Kyungwho Choi Hong-Lae Jang |
| author_sort | Seong-Jun Park |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study explores the flame retardancy and structural behavior of silicone foam composites filled with halogen-free flame retardants, aiming to evaluate their feasibility for use in mass transportation applications. Silicone foam specimens incorporating magnesium hydroxide and expandable graphite were prepared and compared with unfilled silicone foam under both static and dynamic loading conditions. Uniaxial compression and simple shear tests were conducted to assess mechanical behavior, and a second-order Ogden model was employed to represent hyperelasticity in the finite element analysis. Fire performance was evaluated using cone calorimeter tests in accordance with ISO 5660-1. The results showed a 53.6% reduction in peak heat release rate (PHRR) and a 48.1% decrease in MARHE upon the addition of flame retardants, satisfying relevant fire safety standards. Although the addition of fillers increased the compressive stiffness and reduced rebound resilience, static comfort indices remained within acceptable ranges. These findings confirm that halogen-free filled silicone foams exhibit significantly enhanced fire retardancy while maintaining sufficient mechanical integrity and seating comfort, demonstrating their potential as eco-friendly alternatives to conventional polyurethane foams in large-scale transportation applications. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-9cf982fea49e4d919022403b3372fd9b |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2571-6255 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Fire |
| spelling | doaj-art-9cf982fea49e4d919022403b3372fd9b2025-08-20T03:07:58ZengMDPI AGFire2571-62552025-06-018724310.3390/fire8070243Synergistic Enhancement of Fire Retardancy and Mechanical Performance in Silicone Foams Using Halogen-Free FillersSeong-Jun Park0Tae-Soon Kwon1Hee-Joong Sim2Yeon-Gyo Seo3Kyungwho Choi4Hong-Lae Jang5School of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Korea Aerospace University, Goyang 10540, Republic of KoreaRailroad Safety and Environmental Research Division, Korea Railroad Research Institute, Uiwang 16105, Republic of KoreaSchool of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Korea Aerospace University, Goyang 10540, Republic of KoreaSchool of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Korea Aerospace University, Goyang 10540, Republic of KoreaSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Railroad Operation Systems Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Uiwang 16106, Republic of KoreaThis study explores the flame retardancy and structural behavior of silicone foam composites filled with halogen-free flame retardants, aiming to evaluate their feasibility for use in mass transportation applications. Silicone foam specimens incorporating magnesium hydroxide and expandable graphite were prepared and compared with unfilled silicone foam under both static and dynamic loading conditions. Uniaxial compression and simple shear tests were conducted to assess mechanical behavior, and a second-order Ogden model was employed to represent hyperelasticity in the finite element analysis. Fire performance was evaluated using cone calorimeter tests in accordance with ISO 5660-1. The results showed a 53.6% reduction in peak heat release rate (PHRR) and a 48.1% decrease in MARHE upon the addition of flame retardants, satisfying relevant fire safety standards. Although the addition of fillers increased the compressive stiffness and reduced rebound resilience, static comfort indices remained within acceptable ranges. These findings confirm that halogen-free filled silicone foams exhibit significantly enhanced fire retardancy while maintaining sufficient mechanical integrity and seating comfort, demonstrating their potential as eco-friendly alternatives to conventional polyurethane foams in large-scale transportation applications.https://www.mdpi.com/2571-6255/8/7/243silicone foamhalogen-free fillersflame retardancymechanical comfort |
| spellingShingle | Seong-Jun Park Tae-Soon Kwon Hee-Joong Sim Yeon-Gyo Seo Kyungwho Choi Hong-Lae Jang Synergistic Enhancement of Fire Retardancy and Mechanical Performance in Silicone Foams Using Halogen-Free Fillers Fire silicone foam halogen-free fillers flame retardancy mechanical comfort |
| title | Synergistic Enhancement of Fire Retardancy and Mechanical Performance in Silicone Foams Using Halogen-Free Fillers |
| title_full | Synergistic Enhancement of Fire Retardancy and Mechanical Performance in Silicone Foams Using Halogen-Free Fillers |
| title_fullStr | Synergistic Enhancement of Fire Retardancy and Mechanical Performance in Silicone Foams Using Halogen-Free Fillers |
| title_full_unstemmed | Synergistic Enhancement of Fire Retardancy and Mechanical Performance in Silicone Foams Using Halogen-Free Fillers |
| title_short | Synergistic Enhancement of Fire Retardancy and Mechanical Performance in Silicone Foams Using Halogen-Free Fillers |
| title_sort | synergistic enhancement of fire retardancy and mechanical performance in silicone foams using halogen free fillers |
| topic | silicone foam halogen-free fillers flame retardancy mechanical comfort |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2571-6255/8/7/243 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT seongjunpark synergisticenhancementoffireretardancyandmechanicalperformanceinsiliconefoamsusinghalogenfreefillers AT taesoonkwon synergisticenhancementoffireretardancyandmechanicalperformanceinsiliconefoamsusinghalogenfreefillers AT heejoongsim synergisticenhancementoffireretardancyandmechanicalperformanceinsiliconefoamsusinghalogenfreefillers AT yeongyoseo synergisticenhancementoffireretardancyandmechanicalperformanceinsiliconefoamsusinghalogenfreefillers AT kyungwhochoi synergisticenhancementoffireretardancyandmechanicalperformanceinsiliconefoamsusinghalogenfreefillers AT honglaejang synergisticenhancementoffireretardancyandmechanicalperformanceinsiliconefoamsusinghalogenfreefillers |