X-Ray Reflection Spectroscopy with Improved Calculations of the Emission Angle
The reflection spectrum produced by a cold medium illuminated by X-ray photons is not isotropic and its shape depends on the emission angle. In the reflection spectrum of an accretion disk of a black hole, the value of the emission angle changes over the disk and, in general, is different from the v...
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IOP Publishing
2025-01-01
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| Series: | The Astrophysical Journal |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adf111 |
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| author | Yimin Huang Honghui Liu Temurbek Mirzaev Ningyue Fan Cosimo Bambi Zuobin Zhang Thomas Dauser Javier A. García Adam Ingram Jiachen Jiang Guglielmo Mastroserio Shafqat Riaz Swarnim Shashank |
| author_facet | Yimin Huang Honghui Liu Temurbek Mirzaev Ningyue Fan Cosimo Bambi Zuobin Zhang Thomas Dauser Javier A. García Adam Ingram Jiachen Jiang Guglielmo Mastroserio Shafqat Riaz Swarnim Shashank |
| author_sort | Yimin Huang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The reflection spectrum produced by a cold medium illuminated by X-ray photons is not isotropic and its shape depends on the emission angle. In the reflection spectrum of an accretion disk of a black hole, the value of the emission angle changes over the disk and, in general, is different from the value of the inclination angle of the disk because of the light bending in the strong gravitational field of the black hole. Current reflection models make some approximations, as calculating a reflection spectrum taking the correct emission angle at every point of the disk into account would be too time-consuming and make the model too slow to analyze observations. In a recent paper, we showed that these approximations are unsuitable to fit high-quality black hole spectra expected from the next generation of X-ray missions. Here, we present a reflection model with improved calculations of the emission angle that solves this problem. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-9cf1d12a4b834d29bf207e9d1da1a98b |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1538-4357 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Astrophysical Journal |
| spelling | doaj-art-9cf1d12a4b834d29bf207e9d1da1a98b2025-08-20T04:00:54ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572025-01-01989216810.3847/1538-4357/adf111X-Ray Reflection Spectroscopy with Improved Calculations of the Emission AngleYimin Huang0https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3299-9185Honghui Liu1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2845-1009Temurbek Mirzaev2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9337-4612Ningyue Fan3https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2549-1161Cosimo Bambi4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3180-9502Zuobin Zhang5https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0847-1299Thomas Dauser6https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4583-9048Javier A. García7https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3828-2448Adam Ingram8https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5311-9078Jiachen Jiang9https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9639-4352Guglielmo Mastroserio10https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4216-7936Shafqat Riaz11Swarnim Shashank12https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3402-7212Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Center for Field Theory and Particle Physics, and Department of Physics, Fudan University , Shanghai 200438, People’s Republic of China ; bambi@fudan.edu.cnInstitut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Eberhard-Karls Universität Tübingen , D-72076 Tübingen, Germany ; honghui.liu@uni-tuebingen.deCenter for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Center for Field Theory and Particle Physics, and Department of Physics, Fudan University , Shanghai 200438, People’s Republic of China ; bambi@fudan.edu.cnCenter for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Center for Field Theory and Particle Physics, and Department of Physics, Fudan University , Shanghai 200438, People’s Republic of China ; bambi@fudan.edu.cnCenter for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Center for Field Theory and Particle Physics, and Department of Physics, Fudan University , Shanghai 200438, People’s Republic of China ; bambi@fudan.edu.cn; School of Natural Sciences and Humanities, New Uzbekistan University , Tashkent 100007, UzbekistanAstrophysics, Department of Physics, University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3RH, UKDr. Karl Remeis-Observatory and Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics , D-96049 Bamberg, GermanyNASA Goddard Space Flight Center , Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Cahill Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USASchool of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UKDepartment of Physics, University of Warwick , Coventry CV4 7AL, UKDipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano , I-20133 Milano, Italy; Scuola Universitaria Superiore IUSS Pavia , Palazzo del Broletto, I-27100 Pavia, ItalyInstitut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Eberhard-Karls Universität Tübingen , D-72076 Tübingen, Germany ; honghui.liu@uni-tuebingen.deCenter for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Center for Field Theory and Particle Physics, and Department of Physics, Fudan University , Shanghai 200438, People’s Republic of China ; bambi@fudan.edu.cnThe reflection spectrum produced by a cold medium illuminated by X-ray photons is not isotropic and its shape depends on the emission angle. In the reflection spectrum of an accretion disk of a black hole, the value of the emission angle changes over the disk and, in general, is different from the value of the inclination angle of the disk because of the light bending in the strong gravitational field of the black hole. Current reflection models make some approximations, as calculating a reflection spectrum taking the correct emission angle at every point of the disk into account would be too time-consuming and make the model too slow to analyze observations. In a recent paper, we showed that these approximations are unsuitable to fit high-quality black hole spectra expected from the next generation of X-ray missions. Here, we present a reflection model with improved calculations of the emission angle that solves this problem.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adf111X-ray astronomyX-ray sourcesAstrophysical black holesRelativistic disks |
| spellingShingle | Yimin Huang Honghui Liu Temurbek Mirzaev Ningyue Fan Cosimo Bambi Zuobin Zhang Thomas Dauser Javier A. García Adam Ingram Jiachen Jiang Guglielmo Mastroserio Shafqat Riaz Swarnim Shashank X-Ray Reflection Spectroscopy with Improved Calculations of the Emission Angle The Astrophysical Journal X-ray astronomy X-ray sources Astrophysical black holes Relativistic disks |
| title | X-Ray Reflection Spectroscopy with Improved Calculations of the Emission Angle |
| title_full | X-Ray Reflection Spectroscopy with Improved Calculations of the Emission Angle |
| title_fullStr | X-Ray Reflection Spectroscopy with Improved Calculations of the Emission Angle |
| title_full_unstemmed | X-Ray Reflection Spectroscopy with Improved Calculations of the Emission Angle |
| title_short | X-Ray Reflection Spectroscopy with Improved Calculations of the Emission Angle |
| title_sort | x ray reflection spectroscopy with improved calculations of the emission angle |
| topic | X-ray astronomy X-ray sources Astrophysical black holes Relativistic disks |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adf111 |
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