Identifying modifiable factors that influence walking in patients undergoing surgery for neurogenic claudication: a prospective longitudinal study

Abstract Neurogenic claudication, caused by lumbar spinal stenosis, is the most common reason for spinal surgery in older adults, aiming to improve pain and walking. However, most people do not increase walking post-operatively. This study aimed to identify modifiable physical and psychosocial facto...

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Main Authors: Suzanne McIlroy, Lindsay Bearne, John Weinman, Sam Norton
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-02-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-87894-9
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author Suzanne McIlroy
Lindsay Bearne
John Weinman
Sam Norton
author_facet Suzanne McIlroy
Lindsay Bearne
John Weinman
Sam Norton
author_sort Suzanne McIlroy
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Neurogenic claudication, caused by lumbar spinal stenosis, is the most common reason for spinal surgery in older adults, aiming to improve pain and walking. However, most people do not increase walking post-operatively. This study aimed to identify modifiable physical and psychosocial factors that could be targeted with rehabilitation. A prospective longitudinal study recruited 97 adults, aged > 50 years, awaiting surgery for neurogenic claudication. Walking measures (six-minute walk test, daily step count, self-rated maximum walking distance) were assessed pre-surgery and 12-weeks post-surgery. Modifiable variables, mapped to a behaviour change model (COM-B; e.g. falls, lower limb performance, fear of movement, illness perceptions), were evaluated using mixed-effects regression models. All walking measures demonstrated statistically significant improvements (p < .001). However, 50% did not achieve minimum clinically important differences. The strongest correlation with post-operative walking was pre-operative walking. Cross-sectionally, lower limb performance (b:.75; 95CI .64, .86 to b:.35; 95%CI .19, .52), pre-surgery history of falls (b:−.29; 95%CI−.44,−.13), fear of falling (b:−.55; 95%CI−.69,−.41 to b:−.32; 95%CI −.48, −.15), fear of movement (b:−.48; 95%CI−.63,−.33 to −.22; 95%CI −.40, −.03), coherence of condition (b:−.23; 95%CI −.41, −.05 to b:−.17; 95%CI−.33,−.01) and perceived personal control (b:.26; 95%CI .09, .43 to b:.14; 95%CI.02,.31), were significantly associated with pre-surgical walking (p < .05). Most pre-surgical variables were not longitudinally associated with change in walking post-surgery. Six-weeks post-surgery fear of falling (b:−.35; 95%CI −.57, −.13 to b:−.18; 95%CI−.33,−.02), fear of movement (b:−.32; 95%CI−.53,−.11 to b:−.19; 95%CI −.33, −.05), and emotional response (b−.24; 95%CI −.38, −.11 to b:−.22; 95%CI −.41, −.03) were significantly associated with less improvement in walking at 12-weeks post-surgery. Prehabilitation and post-operative rehabilitation targeting walking, balance, and psychosocial factors is recommended to optimise post-surgical walking.
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spelling doaj-art-9ce58fea4a5f489db12d1f057c2cdd562025-08-20T03:00:59ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-02-0115111610.1038/s41598-025-87894-9Identifying modifiable factors that influence walking in patients undergoing surgery for neurogenic claudication: a prospective longitudinal studySuzanne McIlroy0Lindsay Bearne1John Weinman2Sam Norton3Physiotherapy Department, King’s College HospitalPopulation Health Research Institute, City St George’s, University of LondonSchool of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College LondonHealth Psychology Section, King’s College LondonAbstract Neurogenic claudication, caused by lumbar spinal stenosis, is the most common reason for spinal surgery in older adults, aiming to improve pain and walking. However, most people do not increase walking post-operatively. This study aimed to identify modifiable physical and psychosocial factors that could be targeted with rehabilitation. A prospective longitudinal study recruited 97 adults, aged > 50 years, awaiting surgery for neurogenic claudication. Walking measures (six-minute walk test, daily step count, self-rated maximum walking distance) were assessed pre-surgery and 12-weeks post-surgery. Modifiable variables, mapped to a behaviour change model (COM-B; e.g. falls, lower limb performance, fear of movement, illness perceptions), were evaluated using mixed-effects regression models. All walking measures demonstrated statistically significant improvements (p < .001). However, 50% did not achieve minimum clinically important differences. The strongest correlation with post-operative walking was pre-operative walking. Cross-sectionally, lower limb performance (b:.75; 95CI .64, .86 to b:.35; 95%CI .19, .52), pre-surgery history of falls (b:−.29; 95%CI−.44,−.13), fear of falling (b:−.55; 95%CI−.69,−.41 to b:−.32; 95%CI −.48, −.15), fear of movement (b:−.48; 95%CI−.63,−.33 to −.22; 95%CI −.40, −.03), coherence of condition (b:−.23; 95%CI −.41, −.05 to b:−.17; 95%CI−.33,−.01) and perceived personal control (b:.26; 95%CI .09, .43 to b:.14; 95%CI.02,.31), were significantly associated with pre-surgical walking (p < .05). Most pre-surgical variables were not longitudinally associated with change in walking post-surgery. Six-weeks post-surgery fear of falling (b:−.35; 95%CI −.57, −.13 to b:−.18; 95%CI−.33,−.02), fear of movement (b:−.32; 95%CI−.53,−.11 to b:−.19; 95%CI −.33, −.05), and emotional response (b−.24; 95%CI −.38, −.11 to b:−.22; 95%CI −.41, −.03) were significantly associated with less improvement in walking at 12-weeks post-surgery. Prehabilitation and post-operative rehabilitation targeting walking, balance, and psychosocial factors is recommended to optimise post-surgical walking.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-87894-9Neurogenic claudicationWalkingRehabilitationFear of movementFear of fallingPrognosis
spellingShingle Suzanne McIlroy
Lindsay Bearne
John Weinman
Sam Norton
Identifying modifiable factors that influence walking in patients undergoing surgery for neurogenic claudication: a prospective longitudinal study
Scientific Reports
Neurogenic claudication
Walking
Rehabilitation
Fear of movement
Fear of falling
Prognosis
title Identifying modifiable factors that influence walking in patients undergoing surgery for neurogenic claudication: a prospective longitudinal study
title_full Identifying modifiable factors that influence walking in patients undergoing surgery for neurogenic claudication: a prospective longitudinal study
title_fullStr Identifying modifiable factors that influence walking in patients undergoing surgery for neurogenic claudication: a prospective longitudinal study
title_full_unstemmed Identifying modifiable factors that influence walking in patients undergoing surgery for neurogenic claudication: a prospective longitudinal study
title_short Identifying modifiable factors that influence walking in patients undergoing surgery for neurogenic claudication: a prospective longitudinal study
title_sort identifying modifiable factors that influence walking in patients undergoing surgery for neurogenic claudication a prospective longitudinal study
topic Neurogenic claudication
Walking
Rehabilitation
Fear of movement
Fear of falling
Prognosis
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-87894-9
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