Future glacio-hydrological changes in the Andes: a focus on near-future projections up to 2050

Abstract Assessing future water contributions from glaciers is crucial for managing water resources, preventing disasters, and protecting ecosystems and communities. However, Andean glacier runoff remains poorly understood because of missing regional and local research studies. We evaluated eight CM...

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Main Authors: Alexis Caro, Thomas Condom, Antoine Rabatel, Rodrigo Aguayo, Nicolas Champollion
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-03-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-88069-2
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author Alexis Caro
Thomas Condom
Antoine Rabatel
Rodrigo Aguayo
Nicolas Champollion
author_facet Alexis Caro
Thomas Condom
Antoine Rabatel
Rodrigo Aguayo
Nicolas Champollion
author_sort Alexis Caro
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Assessing future water contributions from glaciers is crucial for managing water resources, preventing disasters, and protecting ecosystems and communities. However, Andean glacier runoff remains poorly understood because of missing regional and local research studies. We evaluated eight CMIP6 models (1990–2049), projected future changes in glacier runoff (2030–2049) and peak water throughout the 21st century in 778 Andean catchments (11°N-55°S), using the Open Global Glacier Model (OGGM) under two extreme climate change scenarios (SSP1-2.6 and 8.5). Projections for the mid-21st century show warming trends across the Andes, particularly in the Tropical Andes (+ 0.7 °C), while precipitation declines slightly in the Southern Andes (-1 to -3%). These changes significantly impact glacier runoff, with substantial decreases projected for the Tropical Andes (-43%) and Dry Andes (-37%) by 2030–2049. Notably, changes in glacier runoff vary greatly across the Dry Andes, as evidenced by the simulations for the Atuel (-62%) and Tupungato (+ 32%) catchments in Argentina. More than 95% of Andean catchments are expected to reach peak water before 2030 (75th percentile), with significant regional differences. Our study highlights the critical need to examine regional disparities in glacier runoff at the catchment scale, particularly in the Dry Andes of Chile and Argentina. It calls on these governments to actively fund hydrological research in this region, which is essential for effectively managing current and future water resources.
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spelling doaj-art-9cdcbb9ff9ff4eadaf151ce930ac34452025-08-20T01:54:30ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-03-0115111310.1038/s41598-025-88069-2Future glacio-hydrological changes in the Andes: a focus on near-future projections up to 2050Alexis Caro0Thomas Condom1Antoine Rabatel2Rodrigo Aguayo3Nicolas Champollion4Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Grenoble-INPInstitut des Géosciences de l’Environnement, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Grenoble-INPInstitut des Géosciences de l’Environnement, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Grenoble-INPDepartment of Water and Climate, Vrije Universiteit BrusselInstitut des Géosciences de l’Environnement, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Grenoble-INPAbstract Assessing future water contributions from glaciers is crucial for managing water resources, preventing disasters, and protecting ecosystems and communities. However, Andean glacier runoff remains poorly understood because of missing regional and local research studies. We evaluated eight CMIP6 models (1990–2049), projected future changes in glacier runoff (2030–2049) and peak water throughout the 21st century in 778 Andean catchments (11°N-55°S), using the Open Global Glacier Model (OGGM) under two extreme climate change scenarios (SSP1-2.6 and 8.5). Projections for the mid-21st century show warming trends across the Andes, particularly in the Tropical Andes (+ 0.7 °C), while precipitation declines slightly in the Southern Andes (-1 to -3%). These changes significantly impact glacier runoff, with substantial decreases projected for the Tropical Andes (-43%) and Dry Andes (-37%) by 2030–2049. Notably, changes in glacier runoff vary greatly across the Dry Andes, as evidenced by the simulations for the Atuel (-62%) and Tupungato (+ 32%) catchments in Argentina. More than 95% of Andean catchments are expected to reach peak water before 2030 (75th percentile), with significant regional differences. Our study highlights the critical need to examine regional disparities in glacier runoff at the catchment scale, particularly in the Dry Andes of Chile and Argentina. It calls on these governments to actively fund hydrological research in this region, which is essential for effectively managing current and future water resources.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-88069-2
spellingShingle Alexis Caro
Thomas Condom
Antoine Rabatel
Rodrigo Aguayo
Nicolas Champollion
Future glacio-hydrological changes in the Andes: a focus on near-future projections up to 2050
Scientific Reports
title Future glacio-hydrological changes in the Andes: a focus on near-future projections up to 2050
title_full Future glacio-hydrological changes in the Andes: a focus on near-future projections up to 2050
title_fullStr Future glacio-hydrological changes in the Andes: a focus on near-future projections up to 2050
title_full_unstemmed Future glacio-hydrological changes in the Andes: a focus on near-future projections up to 2050
title_short Future glacio-hydrological changes in the Andes: a focus on near-future projections up to 2050
title_sort future glacio hydrological changes in the andes a focus on near future projections up to 2050
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-88069-2
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