Protected grounds of discrimination and the risk of workplace bullying

The present study investigated the protected grounds of discrimination and the risk of exposure to workplace bullying when being in a minority at work—feeling like a minority—or merely belonging to a protected group. Further we elucidated the boundary between bullying and discrimination. Based on a...

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Main Authors: Michael Rosander, Helge Hoel, Stefan Blomberg
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-04-01
Series:Frontiers in Psychology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1488010/full
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author Michael Rosander
Helge Hoel
Stefan Blomberg
author_facet Michael Rosander
Helge Hoel
Stefan Blomberg
author_sort Michael Rosander
collection DOAJ
description The present study investigated the protected grounds of discrimination and the risk of exposure to workplace bullying when being in a minority at work—feeling like a minority—or merely belonging to a protected group. Further we elucidated the boundary between bullying and discrimination. Based on a social identity perspective we tested hypotheses on the risks of bullying using a probability sample of the Swedish workforce. The results showed an increased risk of person-related bullying for employees who have a protected characteristic (OR = 1.87). When also feeling like a minority the risk increased substantially (OR = 5.13). Particular high risks were found for disabled and those from an ethnic minority. The risk is not merely a structural problem affecting all where bullying is construed from being treated unfairly as part of a wider collective; the results showed an increased risk of bullying of individual targets having a protected characteristic. To alleviate this requires a comprehensive approach involving policies treating it as an organizational issue, proactively as well as having safe procedures when problems surface. Creating more well-functioning workplaces will alleviate the problem for all, although to succeed those with protected characteristics would need particular consideration.
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spelling doaj-art-9cdc0e5ef0ac4d7aa0ba790bbbdda4012025-08-20T02:26:10ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Psychology1664-10782025-04-011610.3389/fpsyg.2025.14880101488010Protected grounds of discrimination and the risk of workplace bullyingMichael Rosander0Helge Hoel1Stefan Blomberg2Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, Linköping, SwedenUniversity of Manchester, Manchester, United KingdomOccupational and Environmental Medicine Centre, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, SwedenThe present study investigated the protected grounds of discrimination and the risk of exposure to workplace bullying when being in a minority at work—feeling like a minority—or merely belonging to a protected group. Further we elucidated the boundary between bullying and discrimination. Based on a social identity perspective we tested hypotheses on the risks of bullying using a probability sample of the Swedish workforce. The results showed an increased risk of person-related bullying for employees who have a protected characteristic (OR = 1.87). When also feeling like a minority the risk increased substantially (OR = 5.13). Particular high risks were found for disabled and those from an ethnic minority. The risk is not merely a structural problem affecting all where bullying is construed from being treated unfairly as part of a wider collective; the results showed an increased risk of bullying of individual targets having a protected characteristic. To alleviate this requires a comprehensive approach involving policies treating it as an organizational issue, proactively as well as having safe procedures when problems surface. Creating more well-functioning workplaces will alleviate the problem for all, although to succeed those with protected characteristics would need particular consideration.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1488010/fulldiscriminationminorityworkplace bullyingprotected groundsnonprototypicality
spellingShingle Michael Rosander
Helge Hoel
Stefan Blomberg
Protected grounds of discrimination and the risk of workplace bullying
Frontiers in Psychology
discrimination
minority
workplace bullying
protected grounds
nonprototypicality
title Protected grounds of discrimination and the risk of workplace bullying
title_full Protected grounds of discrimination and the risk of workplace bullying
title_fullStr Protected grounds of discrimination and the risk of workplace bullying
title_full_unstemmed Protected grounds of discrimination and the risk of workplace bullying
title_short Protected grounds of discrimination and the risk of workplace bullying
title_sort protected grounds of discrimination and the risk of workplace bullying
topic discrimination
minority
workplace bullying
protected grounds
nonprototypicality
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1488010/full
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