The invisible threat: A 30-year review of air pollution's impact on diarrhoea from the global burden of disease study 2021

Background: Diarrhoea remains a major contributor to global morbidity and mortality among children younger than 5 years. This study aims to provide an updated assessment of diarrhoea deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) attributable to air pollution from 1990 to 2021. Methods: The death...

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Main Authors: Changhao Zhang, Kaiqi Yang, Yang Yu, Haoxi Liu, Yijun Chen, Jiaxuan Zuo, Minyue Yin, Yuchen Ding, Jinlong Chen, Xiujing Sun, Shutian Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-02-01
Series:Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651325001071
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author Changhao Zhang
Kaiqi Yang
Yang Yu
Haoxi Liu
Yijun Chen
Jiaxuan Zuo
Minyue Yin
Yuchen Ding
Jinlong Chen
Xiujing Sun
Shutian Zhang
author_facet Changhao Zhang
Kaiqi Yang
Yang Yu
Haoxi Liu
Yijun Chen
Jiaxuan Zuo
Minyue Yin
Yuchen Ding
Jinlong Chen
Xiujing Sun
Shutian Zhang
author_sort Changhao Zhang
collection DOAJ
description Background: Diarrhoea remains a major contributor to global morbidity and mortality among children younger than 5 years. This study aims to provide an updated assessment of diarrhoea deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) attributable to air pollution from 1990 to 2021. Methods: The deaths and DALYs data for diarrhoea attributable to air pollution were derived from the 2021 Global Burden of Diseases Study (GBD). Age-standardized rates (ASRs) and estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) were used to assess trends in deaths related to diarrhoea. In addition, Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) and Ensemble Smoothing (ES) models were used to predict the epidemic trends of diarrhoea from 2022 to 2046, and frontier analysis was conducted to explore the potential reduction in the burden of diarrhoea in different regions. Results: Globally, from 1990 to 2021, there were 45,851 deaths from diarrhoea attributable to air pollution (95 % uncertainty interval [UI], 32,228–56,815) in 1990, and 6559 deaths (95 % UI, 4931 to 9245) in 2021. In total, diarrhoea attributable to air pollution was responsible for 4134,309 DALYs (95 % UI, 1073,440 to 1277,490) in 1990, and 593,960 DALYs (95 % UI, 446,774 to 835,347) in 2021. The decreasing trend of diarrhoea burden is uneven in different countries and regions, with higher diarrhoea deaths and DALYs in low and low-middle SDI regions, while relatively lower in high SDI regions. Predictive analysis suggests that by 2046, deaths and DALYs of air pollution-related diarrhoea, as well as their corresponding ASR, will continue to decrease. Conclusion: Although the global burden of diarrhoea caused by air pollution has decreased in the past 30 years, it remains an important public health issue in low and low-middle SDI regions. The research findings emphasize the importance of public health policies and planning in reducing deaths related to diarrhoea and the disease burden, and point out the need for more targeted prevention strategies in order to reduce the disease burden.
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spelling doaj-art-9cd410e07992405c896b01e7b4dc9aaa2025-08-20T02:45:24ZengElsevierEcotoxicology and Environmental Safety0147-65132025-02-0129111777110.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.117771The invisible threat: A 30-year review of air pollution's impact on diarrhoea from the global burden of disease study 2021Changhao Zhang0Kaiqi Yang1Yang Yu2Haoxi Liu3Yijun Chen4Jiaxuan Zuo5Minyue Yin6Yuchen Ding7Jinlong Chen8Xiujing Sun9Shutian Zhang10Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China; National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing 100050, China; State Key Laboratory of Digestive Health, Beijing 100050, China; Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing 100050, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Diseases, Beijing 100050, ChinaDepartment of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China; National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing 100050, China; State Key Laboratory of Digestive Health, Beijing 100050, China; Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing 100050, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Diseases, Beijing 100050, ChinaDepartment of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China; National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing 100050, China; State Key Laboratory of Digestive Health, Beijing 100050, China; Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing 100050, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Diseases, Beijing 100050, ChinaDepartment of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China; National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing 100050, China; State Key Laboratory of Digestive Health, Beijing 100050, China; Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing 100050, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Diseases, Beijing 100050, ChinaDepartment of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China; National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing 100050, China; State Key Laboratory of Digestive Health, Beijing 100050, China; Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing 100050, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Diseases, Beijing 100050, ChinaDepartment of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China; National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing 100050, China; State Key Laboratory of Digestive Health, Beijing 100050, China; Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing 100050, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Diseases, Beijing 100050, ChinaDepartment of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China; National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing 100050, China; State Key Laboratory of Digestive Health, Beijing 100050, China; Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing 100050, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Diseases, Beijing 100050, ChinaDepartment of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China; National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing 100050, China; State Key Laboratory of Digestive Health, Beijing 100050, China; Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing 100050, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Diseases, Beijing 100050, ChinaDepartment of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China; National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing 100050, China; State Key Laboratory of Digestive Health, Beijing 100050, China; Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing 100050, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Diseases, Beijing 100050, ChinaDepartment of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China; National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing 100050, China; State Key Laboratory of Digestive Health, Beijing 100050, China; Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing 100050, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Diseases, Beijing 100050, ChinaDepartment of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China; National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing 100050, China; State Key Laboratory of Digestive Health, Beijing 100050, China; Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing 100050, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Diseases, Beijing 100050, China; Corresponding author at: Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China.Background: Diarrhoea remains a major contributor to global morbidity and mortality among children younger than 5 years. This study aims to provide an updated assessment of diarrhoea deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) attributable to air pollution from 1990 to 2021. Methods: The deaths and DALYs data for diarrhoea attributable to air pollution were derived from the 2021 Global Burden of Diseases Study (GBD). Age-standardized rates (ASRs) and estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) were used to assess trends in deaths related to diarrhoea. In addition, Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) and Ensemble Smoothing (ES) models were used to predict the epidemic trends of diarrhoea from 2022 to 2046, and frontier analysis was conducted to explore the potential reduction in the burden of diarrhoea in different regions. Results: Globally, from 1990 to 2021, there were 45,851 deaths from diarrhoea attributable to air pollution (95 % uncertainty interval [UI], 32,228–56,815) in 1990, and 6559 deaths (95 % UI, 4931 to 9245) in 2021. In total, diarrhoea attributable to air pollution was responsible for 4134,309 DALYs (95 % UI, 1073,440 to 1277,490) in 1990, and 593,960 DALYs (95 % UI, 446,774 to 835,347) in 2021. The decreasing trend of diarrhoea burden is uneven in different countries and regions, with higher diarrhoea deaths and DALYs in low and low-middle SDI regions, while relatively lower in high SDI regions. Predictive analysis suggests that by 2046, deaths and DALYs of air pollution-related diarrhoea, as well as their corresponding ASR, will continue to decrease. Conclusion: Although the global burden of diarrhoea caused by air pollution has decreased in the past 30 years, it remains an important public health issue in low and low-middle SDI regions. The research findings emphasize the importance of public health policies and planning in reducing deaths related to diarrhoea and the disease burden, and point out the need for more targeted prevention strategies in order to reduce the disease burden.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651325001071DiarrhoeaAir pollutionGlobal burden of diseaseDeathDisability-adjusted life yearsEpidemiology
spellingShingle Changhao Zhang
Kaiqi Yang
Yang Yu
Haoxi Liu
Yijun Chen
Jiaxuan Zuo
Minyue Yin
Yuchen Ding
Jinlong Chen
Xiujing Sun
Shutian Zhang
The invisible threat: A 30-year review of air pollution's impact on diarrhoea from the global burden of disease study 2021
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
Diarrhoea
Air pollution
Global burden of disease
Death
Disability-adjusted life years
Epidemiology
title The invisible threat: A 30-year review of air pollution's impact on diarrhoea from the global burden of disease study 2021
title_full The invisible threat: A 30-year review of air pollution's impact on diarrhoea from the global burden of disease study 2021
title_fullStr The invisible threat: A 30-year review of air pollution's impact on diarrhoea from the global burden of disease study 2021
title_full_unstemmed The invisible threat: A 30-year review of air pollution's impact on diarrhoea from the global burden of disease study 2021
title_short The invisible threat: A 30-year review of air pollution's impact on diarrhoea from the global burden of disease study 2021
title_sort invisible threat a 30 year review of air pollution s impact on diarrhoea from the global burden of disease study 2021
topic Diarrhoea
Air pollution
Global burden of disease
Death
Disability-adjusted life years
Epidemiology
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651325001071
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