Analysis of the Phase Noise for Frequency Controlled Cryogenic Sapphire Oscillators
Cryogenic sapphire oscillators (CSO) typically require frequency stabilization and noise reduction servos to achieve ultra-high frequency stability and ultra-low phase noise. In order to analyze the performance of a 10.8 GHz frequency-locked CSO and determine the system’s limits, an exten...
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IEEE
2025-01-01
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| Series: | IEEE Access |
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| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11050383/ |
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| author | Encai Zhong J.-M. Le Floch Hongli Liu Ke Deng Jie Zhang Zehuang Lu |
| author_facet | Encai Zhong J.-M. Le Floch Hongli Liu Ke Deng Jie Zhang Zehuang Lu |
| author_sort | Encai Zhong |
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| description | Cryogenic sapphire oscillators (CSO) typically require frequency stabilization and noise reduction servos to achieve ultra-high frequency stability and ultra-low phase noise. In order to analyze the performance of a 10.8 GHz frequency-locked CSO and determine the system’s limits, an extended phase noise model based on Leeson’s framework is utilized. This model accounts for noise from the locking system and variations in power and temperature. The results align well with predictions, showing that the phase noise can be reduced from −75 dBc/Hz in a free-running state to −95 dBc/Hz in a locked state at an offset frequency of 1 Hz. The analysis revealed that the fractional frequency stability of the frequency-locked CSO is limited to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$4\times 10^{-15}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> at 1-second averaging time, primarily due to power fluctuations within the sapphire-loaded cavity. With the insights gained from this phase noise model, it is possible to further improve the performance of CSOs in the future. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-9cc13af7518947cd8121b452fba3aa0a |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2169-3536 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
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| spelling | doaj-art-9cc13af7518947cd8121b452fba3aa0a2025-08-20T03:28:52ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362025-01-011311081311082010.1109/ACCESS.2025.358297111050383Analysis of the Phase Noise for Frequency Controlled Cryogenic Sapphire OscillatorsEncai Zhong0https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0098-5748J.-M. Le Floch1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1537-5561Hongli Liu2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7118-4220Ke Deng3https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9306-7391Jie Zhang4https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2885-8837Zehuang Lu5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2800-325XNational Gravitation Laboratory, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, ChinaNational Gravitation Laboratory, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, ChinaNational Gravitation Laboratory, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, ChinaNational Gravitation Laboratory, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, ChinaNational Gravitation Laboratory, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, ChinaNational Gravitation Laboratory, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, ChinaCryogenic sapphire oscillators (CSO) typically require frequency stabilization and noise reduction servos to achieve ultra-high frequency stability and ultra-low phase noise. In order to analyze the performance of a 10.8 GHz frequency-locked CSO and determine the system’s limits, an extended phase noise model based on Leeson’s framework is utilized. This model accounts for noise from the locking system and variations in power and temperature. The results align well with predictions, showing that the phase noise can be reduced from −75 dBc/Hz in a free-running state to −95 dBc/Hz in a locked state at an offset frequency of 1 Hz. The analysis revealed that the fractional frequency stability of the frequency-locked CSO is limited to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$4\times 10^{-15}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> at 1-second averaging time, primarily due to power fluctuations within the sapphire-loaded cavity. With the insights gained from this phase noise model, it is possible to further improve the performance of CSOs in the future.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11050383/Cryogenic sapphire oscillatorphase noisefrequency stabilitynoise model |
| spellingShingle | Encai Zhong J.-M. Le Floch Hongli Liu Ke Deng Jie Zhang Zehuang Lu Analysis of the Phase Noise for Frequency Controlled Cryogenic Sapphire Oscillators IEEE Access Cryogenic sapphire oscillator phase noise frequency stability noise model |
| title | Analysis of the Phase Noise for Frequency Controlled Cryogenic Sapphire Oscillators |
| title_full | Analysis of the Phase Noise for Frequency Controlled Cryogenic Sapphire Oscillators |
| title_fullStr | Analysis of the Phase Noise for Frequency Controlled Cryogenic Sapphire Oscillators |
| title_full_unstemmed | Analysis of the Phase Noise for Frequency Controlled Cryogenic Sapphire Oscillators |
| title_short | Analysis of the Phase Noise for Frequency Controlled Cryogenic Sapphire Oscillators |
| title_sort | analysis of the phase noise for frequency controlled cryogenic sapphire oscillators |
| topic | Cryogenic sapphire oscillator phase noise frequency stability noise model |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11050383/ |
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