The association between the serum fat-soluble vitamins (A, D and E) and the intake of live microbes: a national population based cross-sectional study

ObjectiveFat-soluble vitamins (FSVs) play essential roles in numerous physiological processes and are involved in the onset and progression of chronic diseases. However, limited research has investigated whether dietary intake of live microbes correlates with circulating FSVs levels. This study aims...

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Main Authors: Huiling Zheng, Chan Liu, Dan Xu, Mei Li, Hua Hong
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-07-01
Series:Frontiers in Nutrition
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1593461/full
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author Huiling Zheng
Chan Liu
Dan Xu
Dan Xu
Dan Xu
Mei Li
Hua Hong
author_facet Huiling Zheng
Chan Liu
Dan Xu
Dan Xu
Dan Xu
Mei Li
Hua Hong
author_sort Huiling Zheng
collection DOAJ
description ObjectiveFat-soluble vitamins (FSVs) play essential roles in numerous physiological processes and are involved in the onset and progression of chronic diseases. However, limited research has investigated whether dietary intake of live microbes correlates with circulating FSVs levels. This study aims to explore the relationship between the dietary intake of live microbes and the serum levels of FSVs.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional analysis on a nationally representative sample of 27,668 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to assess the association between serum levels of FSVs and the intake of dietary live microbes. Weighted generalized linear regression and logistic regression models were used to evaluate the associations, adjusting for demographic, lifestyle, laboratory, and dietary covariates.ResultsAfter multivariate adjustment, each one-unit increase in the natural log-transformed MedHi food intake corresponds to an increase of 0.17 μg/dL in vitamin A (95% CI: 0.04, 0.30), 0.36 nmol/L in vitamin D (95% CI: 0.22, 0.51), and 4.65 μg/dL in vitamin E (95% CI: 1.91, 7.39). Furthermore, the exposure-response curves for MedHi consumption showed a consistent decreasing trend in the prevalence of low serum levels of these FSVs.ConclusionIn conclusion, this study provides evidence that the dietary intake of live microbes is associated with increased serum levels of FSVs and may contribute to reducing deficiencies in these vitamins.
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spelling doaj-art-9cbf1bd2e51149b2b535f2d9ea60a4c92025-08-20T03:31:31ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Nutrition2296-861X2025-07-011210.3389/fnut.2025.15934611593461The association between the serum fat-soluble vitamins (A, D and E) and the intake of live microbes: a national population based cross-sectional studyHuiling Zheng0Chan Liu1Dan Xu2Dan Xu3Dan Xu4Mei Li5Hua Hong6Department of Health Management Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, ChinaDepartment of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Ministry of Health of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou, ChinaThe First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, ChinaCCRE, Curtin School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, AustraliaCurtin Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, AustraliaDepartment of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, ChinaDepartment of Health Management Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, ChinaObjectiveFat-soluble vitamins (FSVs) play essential roles in numerous physiological processes and are involved in the onset and progression of chronic diseases. However, limited research has investigated whether dietary intake of live microbes correlates with circulating FSVs levels. This study aims to explore the relationship between the dietary intake of live microbes and the serum levels of FSVs.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional analysis on a nationally representative sample of 27,668 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to assess the association between serum levels of FSVs and the intake of dietary live microbes. Weighted generalized linear regression and logistic regression models were used to evaluate the associations, adjusting for demographic, lifestyle, laboratory, and dietary covariates.ResultsAfter multivariate adjustment, each one-unit increase in the natural log-transformed MedHi food intake corresponds to an increase of 0.17 μg/dL in vitamin A (95% CI: 0.04, 0.30), 0.36 nmol/L in vitamin D (95% CI: 0.22, 0.51), and 4.65 μg/dL in vitamin E (95% CI: 1.91, 7.39). Furthermore, the exposure-response curves for MedHi consumption showed a consistent decreasing trend in the prevalence of low serum levels of these FSVs.ConclusionIn conclusion, this study provides evidence that the dietary intake of live microbes is associated with increased serum levels of FSVs and may contribute to reducing deficiencies in these vitamins.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1593461/fullfat-soluble vitaminslive microbesNHANEScross-sectional analysisthe exposure-response curves
spellingShingle Huiling Zheng
Chan Liu
Dan Xu
Dan Xu
Dan Xu
Mei Li
Hua Hong
The association between the serum fat-soluble vitamins (A, D and E) and the intake of live microbes: a national population based cross-sectional study
Frontiers in Nutrition
fat-soluble vitamins
live microbes
NHANES
cross-sectional analysis
the exposure-response curves
title The association between the serum fat-soluble vitamins (A, D and E) and the intake of live microbes: a national population based cross-sectional study
title_full The association between the serum fat-soluble vitamins (A, D and E) and the intake of live microbes: a national population based cross-sectional study
title_fullStr The association between the serum fat-soluble vitamins (A, D and E) and the intake of live microbes: a national population based cross-sectional study
title_full_unstemmed The association between the serum fat-soluble vitamins (A, D and E) and the intake of live microbes: a national population based cross-sectional study
title_short The association between the serum fat-soluble vitamins (A, D and E) and the intake of live microbes: a national population based cross-sectional study
title_sort association between the serum fat soluble vitamins a d and e and the intake of live microbes a national population based cross sectional study
topic fat-soluble vitamins
live microbes
NHANES
cross-sectional analysis
the exposure-response curves
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1593461/full
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