Surface Gene Mutations of Hepatitis B Virus and Related Pathogenic Mechanisms: A Narrative Review
Liver cancer has high incidence and mortality rates worldwide, with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) being the main histological subtype, accounting for 90% of primary liver cancers. The high mutation rate of viruses combined with endoplasmic reticulum stress may lead to the occurrence of cancer. Hepa...
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| Format: | Article |
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2025-07-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/7/974 |
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| author | Tingxi Yan Yusheng Zhang Huifang Zhou Ning Jiang Xiaotong Wang Wei Yan Jianhua Yin |
| author_facet | Tingxi Yan Yusheng Zhang Huifang Zhou Ning Jiang Xiaotong Wang Wei Yan Jianhua Yin |
| author_sort | Tingxi Yan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Liver cancer has high incidence and mortality rates worldwide, with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) being the main histological subtype, accounting for 90% of primary liver cancers. The high mutation rate of viruses combined with endoplasmic reticulum stress may lead to the occurrence of cancer. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the most important pathogenic factors of HCC. The carcinogenic mechanisms of HBV have been widely studied. Among these mechanisms, immune escape and vaccine escape caused by mutations in the HBV S gene have been reported in numerous studies of patients with chronic hepatitis B. In addition, pre-S1/S2 mutations and surface protein truncation mutations may activate multiple signaling pathways. This activation leads to the abnormal proliferation and differentiation of hepatocytes, thereby contributing to the development of HCC. This review aims to integrate the existing literature, summarize the common mutations in the HBV S gene region, and explore the related pathogenic mechanisms. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-9c6d8927303043c3bfc3fe99ccb9257e |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj-art-9c6d8927303043c3bfc3fe99ccb9257e2025-08-20T03:32:36ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152025-07-0117797410.3390/v17070974Surface Gene Mutations of Hepatitis B Virus and Related Pathogenic Mechanisms: A Narrative ReviewTingxi Yan0Yusheng Zhang1Huifang Zhou2Ning Jiang3Xiaotong Wang4Wei Yan5Jianhua Yin6Department of Laboratory Medicine, Naval Medical Centre, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200052, ChinaDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Naval Medical Centre, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200052, ChinaDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Naval Medical Centre, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200052, ChinaDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Naval Medical Centre, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200052, ChinaDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Naval Medical Centre, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200052, ChinaDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Naval Medical Centre, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200052, ChinaDepartment of Epidemiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, ChinaLiver cancer has high incidence and mortality rates worldwide, with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) being the main histological subtype, accounting for 90% of primary liver cancers. The high mutation rate of viruses combined with endoplasmic reticulum stress may lead to the occurrence of cancer. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the most important pathogenic factors of HCC. The carcinogenic mechanisms of HBV have been widely studied. Among these mechanisms, immune escape and vaccine escape caused by mutations in the HBV S gene have been reported in numerous studies of patients with chronic hepatitis B. In addition, pre-S1/S2 mutations and surface protein truncation mutations may activate multiple signaling pathways. This activation leads to the abnormal proliferation and differentiation of hepatocytes, thereby contributing to the development of HCC. This review aims to integrate the existing literature, summarize the common mutations in the HBV S gene region, and explore the related pathogenic mechanisms.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/7/974hepatitis B virusgene mutationendoplasmic reticulum stressunfolded protein response |
| spellingShingle | Tingxi Yan Yusheng Zhang Huifang Zhou Ning Jiang Xiaotong Wang Wei Yan Jianhua Yin Surface Gene Mutations of Hepatitis B Virus and Related Pathogenic Mechanisms: A Narrative Review Viruses hepatitis B virus gene mutation endoplasmic reticulum stress unfolded protein response |
| title | Surface Gene Mutations of Hepatitis B Virus and Related Pathogenic Mechanisms: A Narrative Review |
| title_full | Surface Gene Mutations of Hepatitis B Virus and Related Pathogenic Mechanisms: A Narrative Review |
| title_fullStr | Surface Gene Mutations of Hepatitis B Virus and Related Pathogenic Mechanisms: A Narrative Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Surface Gene Mutations of Hepatitis B Virus and Related Pathogenic Mechanisms: A Narrative Review |
| title_short | Surface Gene Mutations of Hepatitis B Virus and Related Pathogenic Mechanisms: A Narrative Review |
| title_sort | surface gene mutations of hepatitis b virus and related pathogenic mechanisms a narrative review |
| topic | hepatitis B virus gene mutation endoplasmic reticulum stress unfolded protein response |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/7/974 |
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