Enhancing antitumor immunity: the role of immune checkpoint inhibitors, anti-angiogenic therapy, and macrophage reprogramming

Enhancing antitumor immunity: the role of immune checkpoint inhibitors, anti-angiogenic therapy, and macrophage reprogramming

Cancer treatment has long been hindered by the complexity of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and the mechanisms that tumors employ to evade immune detection. Recently, the combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and anti-angiogenic therapies has emerged as a promising approach to improve...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Chong Zhang, Hua Wang, Xinying Li, Yuxin Jiang, Guoping Sun, Hanqing Yu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-04-01
Series:Frontiers in Oncology
Subjects:
ICIS
angiogenesis
macrophage
combination therapy
biomarkers
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2025.1526407/full
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