Enhancing antitumor immunity: the role of immune checkpoint inhibitors, anti-angiogenic therapy, and macrophage reprogramming
Cancer treatment has long been hindered by the complexity of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and the mechanisms that tumors employ to evade immune detection. Recently, the combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and anti-angiogenic therapies has emerged as a promising approach to improve...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-04-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Oncology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2025.1526407/full |
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| author | Chong Zhang Hua Wang Hua Wang Xinying Li Yuxin Jiang Guoping Sun Hanqing Yu |
| author_facet | Chong Zhang Hua Wang Hua Wang Xinying Li Yuxin Jiang Guoping Sun Hanqing Yu |
| author_sort | Chong Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cancer treatment has long been hindered by the complexity of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and the mechanisms that tumors employ to evade immune detection. Recently, the combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and anti-angiogenic therapies has emerged as a promising approach to improve cancer treatment outcomes. This review delves into the role of immunostimulatory molecules and ICIs in enhancing anti-tumor immunity, while also discussing the therapeutic potential of anti-angiogenic strategies in cancer. In particular, we highlight the critical role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in angiogenesis. Moreover, we explore the potential of macrophage reprogramming to bolster anti-tumor immunity, with a focus on restoring macrophage phagocytic function, modulating hypoxic tumor environments, and targeting cytokines and chemokines that shape immune responses. By examining the underlying mechanisms of combining ICIs with anti-angiogenic therapies, we also review recent clinical trials and discuss the potential of biomarkers to guide and predict treatment efficacy. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-9c60c0822b1d4cac8e2db1900992ff71 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2234-943X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Oncology |
| spelling | doaj-art-9c60c0822b1d4cac8e2db1900992ff712025-08-20T03:17:54ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Oncology2234-943X2025-04-011510.3389/fonc.2025.15264071526407Enhancing antitumor immunity: the role of immune checkpoint inhibitors, anti-angiogenic therapy, and macrophage reprogrammingChong Zhang0Hua Wang1Hua Wang2Xinying Li3Yuxin Jiang4Guoping Sun5Hanqing Yu6Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, ChinaDepartment of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, ChinaInflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, ChinaDepartment of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, ChinaDepartment of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, ChinaDepartment of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, ChinaDepartment of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, ChinaCancer treatment has long been hindered by the complexity of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and the mechanisms that tumors employ to evade immune detection. Recently, the combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and anti-angiogenic therapies has emerged as a promising approach to improve cancer treatment outcomes. This review delves into the role of immunostimulatory molecules and ICIs in enhancing anti-tumor immunity, while also discussing the therapeutic potential of anti-angiogenic strategies in cancer. In particular, we highlight the critical role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in angiogenesis. Moreover, we explore the potential of macrophage reprogramming to bolster anti-tumor immunity, with a focus on restoring macrophage phagocytic function, modulating hypoxic tumor environments, and targeting cytokines and chemokines that shape immune responses. By examining the underlying mechanisms of combining ICIs with anti-angiogenic therapies, we also review recent clinical trials and discuss the potential of biomarkers to guide and predict treatment efficacy.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2025.1526407/fullICISangiogenesismacrophagecombination therapybiomarkers |
| spellingShingle | Chong Zhang Hua Wang Hua Wang Xinying Li Yuxin Jiang Guoping Sun Hanqing Yu Enhancing antitumor immunity: the role of immune checkpoint inhibitors, anti-angiogenic therapy, and macrophage reprogramming Frontiers in Oncology ICIS angiogenesis macrophage combination therapy biomarkers |
| title | Enhancing antitumor immunity: the role of immune checkpoint inhibitors, anti-angiogenic therapy, and macrophage reprogramming |
| title_full | Enhancing antitumor immunity: the role of immune checkpoint inhibitors, anti-angiogenic therapy, and macrophage reprogramming |
| title_fullStr | Enhancing antitumor immunity: the role of immune checkpoint inhibitors, anti-angiogenic therapy, and macrophage reprogramming |
| title_full_unstemmed | Enhancing antitumor immunity: the role of immune checkpoint inhibitors, anti-angiogenic therapy, and macrophage reprogramming |
| title_short | Enhancing antitumor immunity: the role of immune checkpoint inhibitors, anti-angiogenic therapy, and macrophage reprogramming |
| title_sort | enhancing antitumor immunity the role of immune checkpoint inhibitors anti angiogenic therapy and macrophage reprogramming |
| topic | ICIS angiogenesis macrophage combination therapy biomarkers |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2025.1526407/full |
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