Sedimentology and geochemistry of Zubair Formation sandstone reservoir, East Baghdad Oilfield, central Iraq

Two wells (EB10 and EB92) within the East Baghdad Oilfields in central Iraq were chosen to study the Zubair Formation sandstones. The Zubair sandstones mostly consist of quartz (84–97.5%), feldspar (0–2.9%), and heavy minerals (0.1–1%) with a few rock fragments. The most common binding materials are...

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Main Authors: Rana A. Ali, Hassan K. Jassim
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2023-07-01
Series:Kuwait Journal of Science
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Online Access:https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2307410823000627
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author Rana A. Ali
Hassan K. Jassim
author_facet Rana A. Ali
Hassan K. Jassim
author_sort Rana A. Ali
collection DOAJ
description Two wells (EB10 and EB92) within the East Baghdad Oilfields in central Iraq were chosen to study the Zubair Formation sandstones. The Zubair sandstones mostly consist of quartz (84–97.5%), feldspar (0–2.9%), and heavy minerals (0.1–1%) with a few rock fragments. The most common binding materials are silica, carbonate, and ferruginous cements. As a result, matrix makes up less than 10% of the rock. The sandstones are mineralogically and texturally mature quartz arenites. Heavy minerals were classified into four major groups. The opaque, ultrastable (zircon, tourmaline, rutile), metastable (pyroxene, amphibole, garnet, epidote), and mica (muscovite, biotite, chlorite) groups are among these as well. These minerals' features revealed that they are mostly of mature passive continental margin, acidic igneous, and regional metamorphic origin. The Arabian Shield is thought to be the origin of the Zubair sediments, which were deposited under humid or tropical conditions. Zubair Formation sandstones are medium to very fine and well to moderately well sorted sediments. Sedimentary structures and grain-size parameters propose that the Zubair sandstones formed in a mixed fluvial, beach, and shallow marine environment. Sandstone geochemistry has been investigated in order to infer provenance and tectonic settings by subjecting them to whole rock geochemistry (major oxides, trace). The results show that the major oxides of the Zubair sandstones vary only slightly with depth. In comparison to PAAS and UCC values, SiO2 is enriched, while Al2O3, CaO, MgO, Na2O, and K2O are depleted. The geochemical indices of the sediments clearly imply that they were deposited in a humid, non-marine environment.
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spelling doaj-art-9c55855dbf5044f088dcfb696a73731a2025-08-20T03:55:40ZengElsevierKuwait Journal of Science2307-41162023-07-01503427437https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kjs.2023.01.006Sedimentology and geochemistry of Zubair Formation sandstone reservoir, East Baghdad Oilfield, central IraqRana A. Ali0Hassan K. Jassim1Department of Geology, College of Science, University of Baghdad, IraqDepartment of Geology, College of Science, University of Baghdad, IraqTwo wells (EB10 and EB92) within the East Baghdad Oilfields in central Iraq were chosen to study the Zubair Formation sandstones. The Zubair sandstones mostly consist of quartz (84–97.5%), feldspar (0–2.9%), and heavy minerals (0.1–1%) with a few rock fragments. The most common binding materials are silica, carbonate, and ferruginous cements. As a result, matrix makes up less than 10% of the rock. The sandstones are mineralogically and texturally mature quartz arenites. Heavy minerals were classified into four major groups. The opaque, ultrastable (zircon, tourmaline, rutile), metastable (pyroxene, amphibole, garnet, epidote), and mica (muscovite, biotite, chlorite) groups are among these as well. These minerals' features revealed that they are mostly of mature passive continental margin, acidic igneous, and regional metamorphic origin. The Arabian Shield is thought to be the origin of the Zubair sediments, which were deposited under humid or tropical conditions. Zubair Formation sandstones are medium to very fine and well to moderately well sorted sediments. Sedimentary structures and grain-size parameters propose that the Zubair sandstones formed in a mixed fluvial, beach, and shallow marine environment. Sandstone geochemistry has been investigated in order to infer provenance and tectonic settings by subjecting them to whole rock geochemistry (major oxides, trace). The results show that the major oxides of the Zubair sandstones vary only slightly with depth. In comparison to PAAS and UCC values, SiO2 is enriched, while Al2O3, CaO, MgO, Na2O, and K2O are depleted. The geochemical indices of the sediments clearly imply that they were deposited in a humid, non-marine environment.https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2307410823000627geochemistrymesopotamian plainprovenancetectonic settingzubair sandstones
spellingShingle Rana A. Ali
Hassan K. Jassim
Sedimentology and geochemistry of Zubair Formation sandstone reservoir, East Baghdad Oilfield, central Iraq
Kuwait Journal of Science
geochemistry
mesopotamian plain
provenance
tectonic setting
zubair sandstones
title Sedimentology and geochemistry of Zubair Formation sandstone reservoir, East Baghdad Oilfield, central Iraq
title_full Sedimentology and geochemistry of Zubair Formation sandstone reservoir, East Baghdad Oilfield, central Iraq
title_fullStr Sedimentology and geochemistry of Zubair Formation sandstone reservoir, East Baghdad Oilfield, central Iraq
title_full_unstemmed Sedimentology and geochemistry of Zubair Formation sandstone reservoir, East Baghdad Oilfield, central Iraq
title_short Sedimentology and geochemistry of Zubair Formation sandstone reservoir, East Baghdad Oilfield, central Iraq
title_sort sedimentology and geochemistry of zubair formation sandstone reservoir east baghdad oilfield central iraq
topic geochemistry
mesopotamian plain
provenance
tectonic setting
zubair sandstones
url https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2307410823000627
work_keys_str_mv AT ranaaali sedimentologyandgeochemistryofzubairformationsandstonereservoireastbaghdadoilfieldcentraliraq
AT hassankjassim sedimentologyandgeochemistryofzubairformationsandstonereservoireastbaghdadoilfieldcentraliraq