In Vivo Study of Inoculation Approaches and Pathogenicity in African Swine Fever
African swine fever is an extremely infectious viral disease that can cause nearly 100% mortality in domestic pigs. In this study, we isolated an ASFV strain HB31A and characterized it using hemadsorption assay, immunofluorescence assay, and electron microscopy. We then performed animal experiments...
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2024-09-01
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| author | Qian Xu Dongfan Li Xiaoyu Chen Xiaoli Liu Hua Cao Hui Wang Haowei Wu Tangyu Cheng Wenhui Ren Fengqin Xu Qigai He Xuexiang Yu Wentao Li |
| author_facet | Qian Xu Dongfan Li Xiaoyu Chen Xiaoli Liu Hua Cao Hui Wang Haowei Wu Tangyu Cheng Wenhui Ren Fengqin Xu Qigai He Xuexiang Yu Wentao Li |
| author_sort | Qian Xu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | African swine fever is an extremely infectious viral disease that can cause nearly 100% mortality in domestic pigs. In this study, we isolated an ASFV strain HB31A and characterized it using hemadsorption assay, immunofluorescence assay, and electron microscopy. We then performed animal experiments on 20-day-old pigs through intramuscular and oronasal inoculations with HB31A. Pigs in the intramuscular group exhibited more consistent clinical disease, with an incubation period of 4.33 ± 0.47 days and a 100% mortality rate within 6.67 (±0.47) days post-inoculation (dpi). In contrast, the oronasal group experienced a longer course of disease, with an incubation period of 6.00 ± 0.82 days. Two out of three pigs in the oronasal group died at 8 and 10 dpi, while the surviving pig exhibited chronic disease and persistent infection, intermittently excreting ASFV through the oral, nasal, and rectal pathways. Virus DNA was found in oral, nasal, and rectal swabs at 1–3 dpi in the intramuscular group and at 3–5 dpi in the oronasal group. In summary, HB31A is highly lethal to domestic pigs, and field-infected pigs have the potential to develop non-lethal, chronic disease and persistent infection, with intermittent viral shedding, even when infected with a highly virulent strain. These findings offer a valuable understanding of the viral dynamics and pathogenicity of ASFV and highlight the difficulties in diagnosing, preventing, and controlling African swine fever. |
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| institution | OA Journals |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-09-01 |
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| series | Veterinary Sciences |
| spelling | doaj-art-9c4e1b98fdb746448f3614fc16cf899c2025-08-20T01:55:57ZengMDPI AGVeterinary Sciences2306-73812024-09-0111940310.3390/vetsci11090403In Vivo Study of Inoculation Approaches and Pathogenicity in African Swine FeverQian Xu0Dongfan Li1Xiaoyu Chen2Xiaoli Liu3Hua Cao4Hui Wang5Haowei Wu6Tangyu Cheng7Wenhui Ren8Fengqin Xu9Qigai He10Xuexiang Yu11Wentao Li12College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaAfrican swine fever is an extremely infectious viral disease that can cause nearly 100% mortality in domestic pigs. In this study, we isolated an ASFV strain HB31A and characterized it using hemadsorption assay, immunofluorescence assay, and electron microscopy. We then performed animal experiments on 20-day-old pigs through intramuscular and oronasal inoculations with HB31A. Pigs in the intramuscular group exhibited more consistent clinical disease, with an incubation period of 4.33 ± 0.47 days and a 100% mortality rate within 6.67 (±0.47) days post-inoculation (dpi). In contrast, the oronasal group experienced a longer course of disease, with an incubation period of 6.00 ± 0.82 days. Two out of three pigs in the oronasal group died at 8 and 10 dpi, while the surviving pig exhibited chronic disease and persistent infection, intermittently excreting ASFV through the oral, nasal, and rectal pathways. Virus DNA was found in oral, nasal, and rectal swabs at 1–3 dpi in the intramuscular group and at 3–5 dpi in the oronasal group. In summary, HB31A is highly lethal to domestic pigs, and field-infected pigs have the potential to develop non-lethal, chronic disease and persistent infection, with intermittent viral shedding, even when infected with a highly virulent strain. These findings offer a valuable understanding of the viral dynamics and pathogenicity of ASFV and highlight the difficulties in diagnosing, preventing, and controlling African swine fever.https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/11/9/403African swine fever viruspathogenicityintramuscular inoculationoronasal inoculationhistopathology |
| spellingShingle | Qian Xu Dongfan Li Xiaoyu Chen Xiaoli Liu Hua Cao Hui Wang Haowei Wu Tangyu Cheng Wenhui Ren Fengqin Xu Qigai He Xuexiang Yu Wentao Li In Vivo Study of Inoculation Approaches and Pathogenicity in African Swine Fever Veterinary Sciences African swine fever virus pathogenicity intramuscular inoculation oronasal inoculation histopathology |
| title | In Vivo Study of Inoculation Approaches and Pathogenicity in African Swine Fever |
| title_full | In Vivo Study of Inoculation Approaches and Pathogenicity in African Swine Fever |
| title_fullStr | In Vivo Study of Inoculation Approaches and Pathogenicity in African Swine Fever |
| title_full_unstemmed | In Vivo Study of Inoculation Approaches and Pathogenicity in African Swine Fever |
| title_short | In Vivo Study of Inoculation Approaches and Pathogenicity in African Swine Fever |
| title_sort | in vivo study of inoculation approaches and pathogenicity in african swine fever |
| topic | African swine fever virus pathogenicity intramuscular inoculation oronasal inoculation histopathology |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/11/9/403 |
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