Transcriptome profiling of tendon fibroblasts at the onset of embryonic muscle contraction reveals novel force-responsive genes

Mechanical forces play a critical role in tendon development and function, influencing cell behavior through mechanotransduction signaling pathways and subsequent extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. Here, we investigate the molecular mechanisms by which tenocytes in developing zebrafish embryos r...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Pavan K Nayak, Arul Subramanian, Thomas F Schilling
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: eLife Sciences Publications Ltd 2025-03-01
Series:eLife
Subjects:
Online Access:https://elifesciences.org/articles/105802
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850139813996396544
author Pavan K Nayak
Arul Subramanian
Thomas F Schilling
author_facet Pavan K Nayak
Arul Subramanian
Thomas F Schilling
author_sort Pavan K Nayak
collection DOAJ
description Mechanical forces play a critical role in tendon development and function, influencing cell behavior through mechanotransduction signaling pathways and subsequent extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. Here, we investigate the molecular mechanisms by which tenocytes in developing zebrafish embryos respond to muscle contraction forces during the onset of swimming and cranial muscle activity. Using genome-wide bulk RNA sequencing of FAC-sorted tenocytes we identify novel tenocyte markers and genes involved in tendon mechanotransduction. Embryonic tendons show dramatic changes in expression of matrix remodeling associated 5b (mxra5b), matrilin 1 (matn1), and the transcription factor kruppel-like factor 2a (klf2a), as muscles start to contract. Using embryos paralyzed either by loss of muscle contractility or neuromuscular stimulation we confirm that muscle contractile forces influence the spatial and temporal expression patterns of all three genes. Quantification of these gene expression changes across tenocytes at multiple tendon entheses and myotendinous junctions reveals that their responses depend on force intensity, duration, and tissue stiffness. These force-dependent feedback mechanisms in tendons, particularly in the ECM, have important implications for improved treatments of tendon injuries and atrophy.
format Article
id doaj-art-9c4c48bd2451406abbf5494990e1b5fb
institution OA Journals
issn 2050-084X
language English
publishDate 2025-03-01
publisher eLife Sciences Publications Ltd
record_format Article
series eLife
spelling doaj-art-9c4c48bd2451406abbf5494990e1b5fb2025-08-20T02:30:06ZengeLife Sciences Publications LtdeLife2050-084X2025-03-011410.7554/eLife.105802Transcriptome profiling of tendon fibroblasts at the onset of embryonic muscle contraction reveals novel force-responsive genesPavan K Nayak0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4360-6729Arul Subramanian1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8455-6804Thomas F Schilling2https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1798-8695Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, United StatesDepartment of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, United StatesDepartment of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, United StatesMechanical forces play a critical role in tendon development and function, influencing cell behavior through mechanotransduction signaling pathways and subsequent extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. Here, we investigate the molecular mechanisms by which tenocytes in developing zebrafish embryos respond to muscle contraction forces during the onset of swimming and cranial muscle activity. Using genome-wide bulk RNA sequencing of FAC-sorted tenocytes we identify novel tenocyte markers and genes involved in tendon mechanotransduction. Embryonic tendons show dramatic changes in expression of matrix remodeling associated 5b (mxra5b), matrilin 1 (matn1), and the transcription factor kruppel-like factor 2a (klf2a), as muscles start to contract. Using embryos paralyzed either by loss of muscle contractility or neuromuscular stimulation we confirm that muscle contractile forces influence the spatial and temporal expression patterns of all three genes. Quantification of these gene expression changes across tenocytes at multiple tendon entheses and myotendinous junctions reveals that their responses depend on force intensity, duration, and tissue stiffness. These force-dependent feedback mechanisms in tendons, particularly in the ECM, have important implications for improved treatments of tendon injuries and atrophy.https://elifesciences.org/articles/105802tendon developmentextracellular matrixmechanotransductiontranscriptional regulationenthesismyotendinous junction
spellingShingle Pavan K Nayak
Arul Subramanian
Thomas F Schilling
Transcriptome profiling of tendon fibroblasts at the onset of embryonic muscle contraction reveals novel force-responsive genes
eLife
tendon development
extracellular matrix
mechanotransduction
transcriptional regulation
enthesis
myotendinous junction
title Transcriptome profiling of tendon fibroblasts at the onset of embryonic muscle contraction reveals novel force-responsive genes
title_full Transcriptome profiling of tendon fibroblasts at the onset of embryonic muscle contraction reveals novel force-responsive genes
title_fullStr Transcriptome profiling of tendon fibroblasts at the onset of embryonic muscle contraction reveals novel force-responsive genes
title_full_unstemmed Transcriptome profiling of tendon fibroblasts at the onset of embryonic muscle contraction reveals novel force-responsive genes
title_short Transcriptome profiling of tendon fibroblasts at the onset of embryonic muscle contraction reveals novel force-responsive genes
title_sort transcriptome profiling of tendon fibroblasts at the onset of embryonic muscle contraction reveals novel force responsive genes
topic tendon development
extracellular matrix
mechanotransduction
transcriptional regulation
enthesis
myotendinous junction
url https://elifesciences.org/articles/105802
work_keys_str_mv AT pavanknayak transcriptomeprofilingoftendonfibroblastsattheonsetofembryonicmusclecontractionrevealsnovelforceresponsivegenes
AT arulsubramanian transcriptomeprofilingoftendonfibroblastsattheonsetofembryonicmusclecontractionrevealsnovelforceresponsivegenes
AT thomasfschilling transcriptomeprofilingoftendonfibroblastsattheonsetofembryonicmusclecontractionrevealsnovelforceresponsivegenes