Impact of the hemoglobin-to-red cell distribution width ratio on 30-day readmission in patients with heart failure

Abstract Background Predicting all-cause readmission in patients with heart failure (HF) is crucial. This study investigated the independent risk factors for short-term readmission and assessed the potential mediators involved in this process. Methods We evaluated data from 2,254 patients with HF ad...

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Main Authors: Zhongkai He, Chongzhou Zheng, Menghua Chen, Tao Chen, Fei Huang, Ziliang Zhu, Yuan He, Ming Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-03-01
Series:BMC Cardiovascular Disorders
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-025-04673-0
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author Zhongkai He
Chongzhou Zheng
Menghua Chen
Tao Chen
Fei Huang
Ziliang Zhu
Yuan He
Ming Li
author_facet Zhongkai He
Chongzhou Zheng
Menghua Chen
Tao Chen
Fei Huang
Ziliang Zhu
Yuan He
Ming Li
author_sort Zhongkai He
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Predicting all-cause readmission in patients with heart failure (HF) is crucial. This study investigated the independent risk factors for short-term readmission and assessed the potential mediators involved in this process. Methods We evaluated data from 2,254 patients with HF admitted to our institution between January 2019 and December 2020. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between sarcopenia index (SI), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), hemoglobin-to-red cell distribution width ratio (HRR), and all-cause 30-d readmission. A restricted cubic spline regression model with three knots assessed potential non-linear relationships between confounders and readmission risk. A mediation analysis was performed to evaluate the direct and indirect effects, as well as the proportion of mediation. Results The mean age of the participants was 72 ± 12 years, with 1,324 males (58.7%). The all-cause 30-d readmission rate was 7.1%. HRR was independently associated with 30-d readmission among the evaluated biomarkers, whereas SI and NLR showed no significant correlation. A non-linear relationship was found between HRR and readmission risk, with an inflection point at 0.94. Patients with HRR < 0.94 exhibited a significantly higher risk of readmission, whereas no significant association was found for HRR ≥ 0.94. Mediation analysis revealed that N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) partially mediated this relationship, which accounted for 13.6% of the effect. Conclusions HRR is an independent predictor of all-cause 30-d readmission in patients with a non-linear relationship observed. An inverse association was found for HRR < 0.94, whereas no significant association was found for HRR ≥ 0.94. Additionally, NT-proBNP was identified as a partial mediator of this relationship.
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spelling doaj-art-9c39abbffc52468aba4dfa8ac7cc374a2025-08-20T03:40:50ZengBMCBMC Cardiovascular Disorders1471-22612025-03-0125111110.1186/s12872-025-04673-0Impact of the hemoglobin-to-red cell distribution width ratio on 30-day readmission in patients with heart failureZhongkai He0Chongzhou Zheng1Menghua Chen2Tao Chen3Fei Huang4Ziliang Zhu5Yuan He6Ming Li7Department of Structural Heart Disease, Cardiovascular Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical UniversityDepartment of Structural Heart Disease, Cardiovascular Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical UniversityDepartment of Structural Heart Disease, Cardiovascular Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical UniversityDepartment of Structural Heart Disease, Cardiovascular Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical UniversityDepartment of Structural Heart Disease, Cardiovascular Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical UniversityDepartment of Structural Heart Disease, Cardiovascular Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical UniversityLaboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiovascular Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical UniversityDepartment of Structural Heart Disease, Cardiovascular Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical UniversityAbstract Background Predicting all-cause readmission in patients with heart failure (HF) is crucial. This study investigated the independent risk factors for short-term readmission and assessed the potential mediators involved in this process. Methods We evaluated data from 2,254 patients with HF admitted to our institution between January 2019 and December 2020. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between sarcopenia index (SI), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), hemoglobin-to-red cell distribution width ratio (HRR), and all-cause 30-d readmission. A restricted cubic spline regression model with three knots assessed potential non-linear relationships between confounders and readmission risk. A mediation analysis was performed to evaluate the direct and indirect effects, as well as the proportion of mediation. Results The mean age of the participants was 72 ± 12 years, with 1,324 males (58.7%). The all-cause 30-d readmission rate was 7.1%. HRR was independently associated with 30-d readmission among the evaluated biomarkers, whereas SI and NLR showed no significant correlation. A non-linear relationship was found between HRR and readmission risk, with an inflection point at 0.94. Patients with HRR < 0.94 exhibited a significantly higher risk of readmission, whereas no significant association was found for HRR ≥ 0.94. Mediation analysis revealed that N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) partially mediated this relationship, which accounted for 13.6% of the effect. Conclusions HRR is an independent predictor of all-cause 30-d readmission in patients with a non-linear relationship observed. An inverse association was found for HRR < 0.94, whereas no significant association was found for HRR ≥ 0.94. Additionally, NT-proBNP was identified as a partial mediator of this relationship.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-025-04673-0Hemoglobin-to-red cell distribution width ratioHeart failureHospital readmissionNon-linear relationshipMediation analysis
spellingShingle Zhongkai He
Chongzhou Zheng
Menghua Chen
Tao Chen
Fei Huang
Ziliang Zhu
Yuan He
Ming Li
Impact of the hemoglobin-to-red cell distribution width ratio on 30-day readmission in patients with heart failure
BMC Cardiovascular Disorders
Hemoglobin-to-red cell distribution width ratio
Heart failure
Hospital readmission
Non-linear relationship
Mediation analysis
title Impact of the hemoglobin-to-red cell distribution width ratio on 30-day readmission in patients with heart failure
title_full Impact of the hemoglobin-to-red cell distribution width ratio on 30-day readmission in patients with heart failure
title_fullStr Impact of the hemoglobin-to-red cell distribution width ratio on 30-day readmission in patients with heart failure
title_full_unstemmed Impact of the hemoglobin-to-red cell distribution width ratio on 30-day readmission in patients with heart failure
title_short Impact of the hemoglobin-to-red cell distribution width ratio on 30-day readmission in patients with heart failure
title_sort impact of the hemoglobin to red cell distribution width ratio on 30 day readmission in patients with heart failure
topic Hemoglobin-to-red cell distribution width ratio
Heart failure
Hospital readmission
Non-linear relationship
Mediation analysis
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-025-04673-0
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