Characterization of SARS‐CoV‐2 humoral immune response in a subject with unique sampling: A case report
Abstract Background The development of vaccine candidates for COVID‐19, and the administration of booster vaccines, has meant a significant reduction in COVID‐19 related deaths world‐wide and the easing of global restrictions. However, new variants of SARS‐CoV‐2 have emerged with less susceptibility...
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Wiley
2023-06-01
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| Series: | Immunity, Inflammation and Disease |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/iid3.910 |
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| author | Melanie R. Walker Manja Idorn Anja Bennett Max Søgaard Ali Salanti Sisse B. Ditlev Lea Barfod |
| author_facet | Melanie R. Walker Manja Idorn Anja Bennett Max Søgaard Ali Salanti Sisse B. Ditlev Lea Barfod |
| author_sort | Melanie R. Walker |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background The development of vaccine candidates for COVID‐19, and the administration of booster vaccines, has meant a significant reduction in COVID‐19 related deaths world‐wide and the easing of global restrictions. However, new variants of SARS‐CoV‐2 have emerged with less susceptibility to vaccine induced immunity leading to breakthrough infections among vaccinated people. It is generally acknowledged that immunoglobulins play the major role in immune‐protection, primarily through binding to the SARS‐COV‐2 receptor binding domain (RBD) and thereby inhibiting viral binding to the ACE2 receptor. However, there are limited investigations of anti‐RBD isotypes (IgM, IgG, IgA) and IgG subclasses (IgG1–4) over the course of vaccination and breakthrough infection. Method In this study, SARS‐CoV‐2 humoral immunity is examined in a single subject with unique longitudinal sampling. Over a two year period, the subject received three doses of vaccine, had two active breakthrough infections and 22 blood samples collected. Serological testing included anti‐nucleocapsid total antibodies, anti‐RBD total antibodies, IgG, IgA, IgM and IgG subclasses, neutralization and ACE2 inhibition against the wildtype (WT), Delta and Omicron variants. Results Vaccination and breakthrough infections induced IgG, specifically IgG1 and IgG4 as well as IgM and IgA. IgG1 and IgG4 responses were cross reactive and associated with broad inhibition. Conclusion The findings here provide novel insights into humoral immune response characteristics associated with SARS‐CoV‐2 breakthrough infections. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-9c336b60b57c4d658f070fc3ced5ebfd |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2050-4527 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
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| series | Immunity, Inflammation and Disease |
| spelling | doaj-art-9c336b60b57c4d658f070fc3ced5ebfd2025-08-20T03:54:07ZengWileyImmunity, Inflammation and Disease2050-45272023-06-01116n/an/a10.1002/iid3.910Characterization of SARS‐CoV‐2 humoral immune response in a subject with unique sampling: A case reportMelanie R. Walker0Manja Idorn1Anja Bennett2Max Søgaard3Ali Salanti4Sisse B. Ditlev5Lea Barfod6Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Centre for Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen DenmarkDepartment of Biomedicine Aarhus University Aarhus DenmarkDepartment of Mammalian Expression Global Research Technologies Måløv DenmarkExpres2ion Biotechnologies Hørsholm DenmarkDepartment of Immunology and Microbiology, Centre for Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen DenmarkCopenhagen Center for Translational Research Bispebjerg Hospital Copenhagen DenmarkDepartment of Immunology and Microbiology, Centre for Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen DenmarkAbstract Background The development of vaccine candidates for COVID‐19, and the administration of booster vaccines, has meant a significant reduction in COVID‐19 related deaths world‐wide and the easing of global restrictions. However, new variants of SARS‐CoV‐2 have emerged with less susceptibility to vaccine induced immunity leading to breakthrough infections among vaccinated people. It is generally acknowledged that immunoglobulins play the major role in immune‐protection, primarily through binding to the SARS‐COV‐2 receptor binding domain (RBD) and thereby inhibiting viral binding to the ACE2 receptor. However, there are limited investigations of anti‐RBD isotypes (IgM, IgG, IgA) and IgG subclasses (IgG1–4) over the course of vaccination and breakthrough infection. Method In this study, SARS‐CoV‐2 humoral immunity is examined in a single subject with unique longitudinal sampling. Over a two year period, the subject received three doses of vaccine, had two active breakthrough infections and 22 blood samples collected. Serological testing included anti‐nucleocapsid total antibodies, anti‐RBD total antibodies, IgG, IgA, IgM and IgG subclasses, neutralization and ACE2 inhibition against the wildtype (WT), Delta and Omicron variants. Results Vaccination and breakthrough infections induced IgG, specifically IgG1 and IgG4 as well as IgM and IgA. IgG1 and IgG4 responses were cross reactive and associated with broad inhibition. Conclusion The findings here provide novel insights into humoral immune response characteristics associated with SARS‐CoV‐2 breakthrough infections.https://doi.org/10.1002/iid3.910antibodyantibody isotypesantibody subclassescase reportCOVID‐19humoral immunity |
| spellingShingle | Melanie R. Walker Manja Idorn Anja Bennett Max Søgaard Ali Salanti Sisse B. Ditlev Lea Barfod Characterization of SARS‐CoV‐2 humoral immune response in a subject with unique sampling: A case report Immunity, Inflammation and Disease antibody antibody isotypes antibody subclasses case report COVID‐19 humoral immunity |
| title | Characterization of SARS‐CoV‐2 humoral immune response in a subject with unique sampling: A case report |
| title_full | Characterization of SARS‐CoV‐2 humoral immune response in a subject with unique sampling: A case report |
| title_fullStr | Characterization of SARS‐CoV‐2 humoral immune response in a subject with unique sampling: A case report |
| title_full_unstemmed | Characterization of SARS‐CoV‐2 humoral immune response in a subject with unique sampling: A case report |
| title_short | Characterization of SARS‐CoV‐2 humoral immune response in a subject with unique sampling: A case report |
| title_sort | characterization of sars cov 2 humoral immune response in a subject with unique sampling a case report |
| topic | antibody antibody isotypes antibody subclasses case report COVID‐19 humoral immunity |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/iid3.910 |
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