The relationship between dietary vitamin B1 and stroke: a machine learning analysis of NHANES data

BackgroundVitamin B1 deficiency is closely linked to damage in the cardiovascular system. However, the relationship between dietary Vitamin B1 intake and the risk of stroke remains ambiguous and requires further investigation.MethodsThis study analyzed data from participants in the National Health a...

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Main Authors: Shihan Guo, Xu Jiao, Mingfei Li, Zhuo Li, Yun Lu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-05-01
Series:Frontiers in Nutrition
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1584654/full
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author Shihan Guo
Shihan Guo
Xu Jiao
Xu Jiao
Mingfei Li
Zhuo Li
Yun Lu
author_facet Shihan Guo
Shihan Guo
Xu Jiao
Xu Jiao
Mingfei Li
Zhuo Li
Yun Lu
author_sort Shihan Guo
collection DOAJ
description BackgroundVitamin B1 deficiency is closely linked to damage in the cardiovascular system. However, the relationship between dietary Vitamin B1 intake and the risk of stroke remains ambiguous and requires further investigation.MethodsThis study analyzed data from participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES: 2005–2018) to investigate the relationship between dietary vitamin B1 and ischemic stroke. Weighted multivariable logistic regression models and restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression were employed to explore potential nonlinear relationships, and subgroup analyses were conducted to assess the robustness of the results. Additionally, the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) was utilized for feature selection. Eight machine learning methods were employed to construct predictive models and evaluate their performance. Based on the best-performing model, we further examined variable importance and model accuracy, employing Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) analysis to interpret the model. Finally, a nomogram was created to enhance the readability of the predictive model results.ResultsAfter controlling for various variables, vitamin B1 exhibited a significant linear negative correlation with stroke risk. In comparison to the lowest quartile, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) for the fourth quartile was notably reduced to 0.66 (95% CI: 0.46, 0.94). Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis further confirmed a linear inverse relationship between vitamin B1 levels and stroke risk. Moreover, the Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM) model demonstrated robust predictive efficacy, achieving an area under the curve (AUC) of 91.9%.ConclusionA large-scale study based on NHANES indicates that as dietary intake of vitamin B1 increases, the risk of stroke shows a gradual decline. Therefore, appropriately increasing dietary intake of vitamin B1 may reduce the risk of stroke occurrence.
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spelling doaj-art-9c208fd7dbc24011b9a9ed68f1f08ccc2025-08-20T02:11:26ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Nutrition2296-861X2025-05-011210.3389/fnut.2025.15846541584654The relationship between dietary vitamin B1 and stroke: a machine learning analysis of NHANES dataShihan Guo0Shihan Guo1Xu Jiao2Xu Jiao3Mingfei Li4Zhuo Li5Yun Lu6Emergency Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, ChinaClinical Medical School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, ChinaEmergency Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, ChinaClinical Medical School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, ChinaEmergency Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, ChinaDepartment of Nursing, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, ChinaEmergency Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, ChinaBackgroundVitamin B1 deficiency is closely linked to damage in the cardiovascular system. However, the relationship between dietary Vitamin B1 intake and the risk of stroke remains ambiguous and requires further investigation.MethodsThis study analyzed data from participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES: 2005–2018) to investigate the relationship between dietary vitamin B1 and ischemic stroke. Weighted multivariable logistic regression models and restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression were employed to explore potential nonlinear relationships, and subgroup analyses were conducted to assess the robustness of the results. Additionally, the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) was utilized for feature selection. Eight machine learning methods were employed to construct predictive models and evaluate their performance. Based on the best-performing model, we further examined variable importance and model accuracy, employing Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) analysis to interpret the model. Finally, a nomogram was created to enhance the readability of the predictive model results.ResultsAfter controlling for various variables, vitamin B1 exhibited a significant linear negative correlation with stroke risk. In comparison to the lowest quartile, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) for the fourth quartile was notably reduced to 0.66 (95% CI: 0.46, 0.94). Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis further confirmed a linear inverse relationship between vitamin B1 levels and stroke risk. Moreover, the Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM) model demonstrated robust predictive efficacy, achieving an area under the curve (AUC) of 91.9%.ConclusionA large-scale study based on NHANES indicates that as dietary intake of vitamin B1 increases, the risk of stroke shows a gradual decline. Therefore, appropriately increasing dietary intake of vitamin B1 may reduce the risk of stroke occurrence.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1584654/fullvitamin B1strokecross-sectional studymachine learningNHANES
spellingShingle Shihan Guo
Shihan Guo
Xu Jiao
Xu Jiao
Mingfei Li
Zhuo Li
Yun Lu
The relationship between dietary vitamin B1 and stroke: a machine learning analysis of NHANES data
Frontiers in Nutrition
vitamin B1
stroke
cross-sectional study
machine learning
NHANES
title The relationship between dietary vitamin B1 and stroke: a machine learning analysis of NHANES data
title_full The relationship between dietary vitamin B1 and stroke: a machine learning analysis of NHANES data
title_fullStr The relationship between dietary vitamin B1 and stroke: a machine learning analysis of NHANES data
title_full_unstemmed The relationship between dietary vitamin B1 and stroke: a machine learning analysis of NHANES data
title_short The relationship between dietary vitamin B1 and stroke: a machine learning analysis of NHANES data
title_sort relationship between dietary vitamin b1 and stroke a machine learning analysis of nhanes data
topic vitamin B1
stroke
cross-sectional study
machine learning
NHANES
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1584654/full
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