Impact of COVID-19 on Cytomegalovirus Immunoglobulin M Antibody Index

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) influenced the prevalence of other infectious diseases, including congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. However, the effect of COVID-19 on antibody titers has not been reported. This study aimed to explore the influence of COVID-19 on levels of C...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Masatoki Kaneko, Junsuke Muraoka, Li Yang, Shuichi Tokunaga, Toshio Minematsu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IMR Press 2023-12-01
Series:Clinical and Experimental Obstetrics & Gynecology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.imrpress.com/journal/CEOG/50/12/10.31083/j.ceog5012279
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849399293149970432
author Masatoki Kaneko
Junsuke Muraoka
Li Yang
Shuichi Tokunaga
Toshio Minematsu
author_facet Masatoki Kaneko
Junsuke Muraoka
Li Yang
Shuichi Tokunaga
Toshio Minematsu
author_sort Masatoki Kaneko
collection DOAJ
description Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) influenced the prevalence of other infectious diseases, including congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. However, the effect of COVID-19 on antibody titers has not been reported. This study aimed to explore the influence of COVID-19 on levels of CMV immunoglobulin M (IgM) in pregnant women. Methods: This cross-sectional study included pregnant women who visited the University Hospital due to CMV IgM positivity during the 7th and 8th waves of COVID-19. Data, including maternal characteristics, history of COVID-19, CMV immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM index, and IgG avidity index (AI) were collected. Chemiluminescent immunoassay was performed to measure levels of IgG and IgM. Polymerase chain reaction using neonatal urine was performed to confirm congenital infection. Results: Of the 89 pregnant women, 36 (40%) (low IgG AI: n = 10; high IgG AI: n = 26) contracted COVID-19. Among 21 women with low IgG AI, 9 (false IgM positive: n = 8; primary infection: n = 1) had an IgG AI of 0. Among the eight women with false IgM positivity, six (75%) contracted COVID-19. The IgM index of pregnant women with false IgM positivity was 12.6 ± 10.9. Meanwhile, the CMV IgM index of pregnant women with false IgM positivity in the non-COVID-19-infected group was 1.7 ± 0.5. When the IgM indices of women who contracted (n = 36) and did not contract (n = 53) COVID-19 were compared, the IgM index of infected women (4.4 ± 5.7) was higher than those of non-infected women (2.7 ± 3.0) (p = 0.01). Regarding IgM and IgG AI, multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that there were no significantly different variables between the two groups. Conclusions: High prevalence of false IgM positivity was observed among women who contracted COVID-19. The IgM index of pregnant women with false IgM positivity was high. Caution should be exercised in interpreting CMV IgM indices in pregnant women with a history of COVID-19.
format Article
id doaj-art-9c1f5e1a11df4ec6b907499f87ade4d5
institution Kabale University
issn 0390-6663
language English
publishDate 2023-12-01
publisher IMR Press
record_format Article
series Clinical and Experimental Obstetrics & Gynecology
spelling doaj-art-9c1f5e1a11df4ec6b907499f87ade4d52025-08-20T03:38:22ZengIMR PressClinical and Experimental Obstetrics & Gynecology0390-66632023-12-01501227910.31083/j.ceog5012279S0390-6663(23)02205-4Impact of COVID-19 on Cytomegalovirus Immunoglobulin M Antibody IndexMasatoki Kaneko0Junsuke Muraoka1Li Yang2Shuichi Tokunaga3Toshio Minematsu4Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 889-1692 Miyazaki, JapanDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 889-1692 Miyazaki, JapanDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 889-1692 Miyazaki, JapanDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 889-1692 Miyazaki, JapanResearch Institute for Disease Control, Aisenkai Nichinan Hospital, 887-0034 Nichinan, JapanBackground: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) influenced the prevalence of other infectious diseases, including congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. However, the effect of COVID-19 on antibody titers has not been reported. This study aimed to explore the influence of COVID-19 on levels of CMV immunoglobulin M (IgM) in pregnant women. Methods: This cross-sectional study included pregnant women who visited the University Hospital due to CMV IgM positivity during the 7th and 8th waves of COVID-19. Data, including maternal characteristics, history of COVID-19, CMV immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM index, and IgG avidity index (AI) were collected. Chemiluminescent immunoassay was performed to measure levels of IgG and IgM. Polymerase chain reaction using neonatal urine was performed to confirm congenital infection. Results: Of the 89 pregnant women, 36 (40%) (low IgG AI: n = 10; high IgG AI: n = 26) contracted COVID-19. Among 21 women with low IgG AI, 9 (false IgM positive: n = 8; primary infection: n = 1) had an IgG AI of 0. Among the eight women with false IgM positivity, six (75%) contracted COVID-19. The IgM index of pregnant women with false IgM positivity was 12.6 ± 10.9. Meanwhile, the CMV IgM index of pregnant women with false IgM positivity in the non-COVID-19-infected group was 1.7 ± 0.5. When the IgM indices of women who contracted (n = 36) and did not contract (n = 53) COVID-19 were compared, the IgM index of infected women (4.4 ± 5.7) was higher than those of non-infected women (2.7 ± 3.0) (p = 0.01). Regarding IgM and IgG AI, multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that there were no significantly different variables between the two groups. Conclusions: High prevalence of false IgM positivity was observed among women who contracted COVID-19. The IgM index of pregnant women with false IgM positivity was high. Caution should be exercised in interpreting CMV IgM indices in pregnant women with a history of COVID-19.https://www.imrpress.com/journal/CEOG/50/12/10.31083/j.ceog5012279covid-19cytomegaloviruschemiluminescent immunoassayimmunoglobulin mpregnancy
spellingShingle Masatoki Kaneko
Junsuke Muraoka
Li Yang
Shuichi Tokunaga
Toshio Minematsu
Impact of COVID-19 on Cytomegalovirus Immunoglobulin M Antibody Index
Clinical and Experimental Obstetrics & Gynecology
covid-19
cytomegalovirus
chemiluminescent immunoassay
immunoglobulin m
pregnancy
title Impact of COVID-19 on Cytomegalovirus Immunoglobulin M Antibody Index
title_full Impact of COVID-19 on Cytomegalovirus Immunoglobulin M Antibody Index
title_fullStr Impact of COVID-19 on Cytomegalovirus Immunoglobulin M Antibody Index
title_full_unstemmed Impact of COVID-19 on Cytomegalovirus Immunoglobulin M Antibody Index
title_short Impact of COVID-19 on Cytomegalovirus Immunoglobulin M Antibody Index
title_sort impact of covid 19 on cytomegalovirus immunoglobulin m antibody index
topic covid-19
cytomegalovirus
chemiluminescent immunoassay
immunoglobulin m
pregnancy
url https://www.imrpress.com/journal/CEOG/50/12/10.31083/j.ceog5012279
work_keys_str_mv AT masatokikaneko impactofcovid19oncytomegalovirusimmunoglobulinmantibodyindex
AT junsukemuraoka impactofcovid19oncytomegalovirusimmunoglobulinmantibodyindex
AT liyang impactofcovid19oncytomegalovirusimmunoglobulinmantibodyindex
AT shuichitokunaga impactofcovid19oncytomegalovirusimmunoglobulinmantibodyindex
AT toshiominematsu impactofcovid19oncytomegalovirusimmunoglobulinmantibodyindex