Extracranial Effects of Traumatic Brain Injury: A Narrative Review
Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is often associated with other injuries and comorbidities. However, even isolated TBI directly leads to dysfunction in multiple body systems outside the central nervous system. These extracranial effects of TBI target systems including the autonomic nervous,...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Clinics and Practice |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2039-7283/15/3/47 |
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| author | Nathan K. Evanson Pratyusha Veldhi Caitlyn Scherpenberg John M. Riccobono Haitham Eid Jennifer L. McGuire |
| author_facet | Nathan K. Evanson Pratyusha Veldhi Caitlyn Scherpenberg John M. Riccobono Haitham Eid Jennifer L. McGuire |
| author_sort | Nathan K. Evanson |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is often associated with other injuries and comorbidities. However, even isolated TBI directly leads to dysfunction in multiple body systems outside the central nervous system. These extracranial effects of TBI target systems including the autonomic nervous, cardiovascular, renal, pulmonary, immune, gastrointestinal, and hemostasis systems, as well as causing significant alteration to systemic metabolism. Aim: This review is intended to outline the effects of TBI on other body systems, and place these in context with treatment considerations for these patients. Significance: Systemic effects of TBI have implications for acute and critical care management of patients with TBI, including pharmacologic treatment. They also affect treatment decisions in chronic TBI care, as well as TBI-unrelated routine medical care for patients with chronic TBI. In addition, extracranial effects of TBI should be considered in research settings. Conclusions: It is important for clinicians and researchers to be aware of these extracranial effects, and consider their effects on pathology, treatment decisions, and interpretation of research findings. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-9c1088b464a54cf396ca3be3388fad00 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2039-7283 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Clinics and Practice |
| spelling | doaj-art-9c1088b464a54cf396ca3be3388fad002025-08-20T02:42:36ZengMDPI AGClinics and Practice2039-72832025-02-011534710.3390/clinpract15030047Extracranial Effects of Traumatic Brain Injury: A Narrative ReviewNathan K. Evanson0Pratyusha Veldhi1Caitlyn Scherpenberg2John M. Riccobono3Haitham Eid4Jennifer L. McGuire5Division of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USAKentucky College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of Pikeville, Pikeville, KY 41501, USADivision of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USADivision of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USAMedical Sciences Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USADepartment of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USABackground: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is often associated with other injuries and comorbidities. However, even isolated TBI directly leads to dysfunction in multiple body systems outside the central nervous system. These extracranial effects of TBI target systems including the autonomic nervous, cardiovascular, renal, pulmonary, immune, gastrointestinal, and hemostasis systems, as well as causing significant alteration to systemic metabolism. Aim: This review is intended to outline the effects of TBI on other body systems, and place these in context with treatment considerations for these patients. Significance: Systemic effects of TBI have implications for acute and critical care management of patients with TBI, including pharmacologic treatment. They also affect treatment decisions in chronic TBI care, as well as TBI-unrelated routine medical care for patients with chronic TBI. In addition, extracranial effects of TBI should be considered in research settings. Conclusions: It is important for clinicians and researchers to be aware of these extracranial effects, and consider their effects on pathology, treatment decisions, and interpretation of research findings.https://www.mdpi.com/2039-7283/15/3/47traumatic brain injuryextracranialcardiovascularautonomicrenalpulmonary |
| spellingShingle | Nathan K. Evanson Pratyusha Veldhi Caitlyn Scherpenberg John M. Riccobono Haitham Eid Jennifer L. McGuire Extracranial Effects of Traumatic Brain Injury: A Narrative Review Clinics and Practice traumatic brain injury extracranial cardiovascular autonomic renal pulmonary |
| title | Extracranial Effects of Traumatic Brain Injury: A Narrative Review |
| title_full | Extracranial Effects of Traumatic Brain Injury: A Narrative Review |
| title_fullStr | Extracranial Effects of Traumatic Brain Injury: A Narrative Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Extracranial Effects of Traumatic Brain Injury: A Narrative Review |
| title_short | Extracranial Effects of Traumatic Brain Injury: A Narrative Review |
| title_sort | extracranial effects of traumatic brain injury a narrative review |
| topic | traumatic brain injury extracranial cardiovascular autonomic renal pulmonary |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2039-7283/15/3/47 |
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