Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Ground Subsidence in Xiong’an New Area Revealed by a Combined Observation Framework Based on InSAR and GNSS Techniques

The Xiong’an New Area, a newly established national-level zone in China, faces the threat of land subsidence and ground fissure due to groundwater overexploitation and geothermal extraction, threatening urban safety. This study integrates time-series InSAR and GNSS monitoring to analyze spatiotempor...

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Main Authors: Shaomin Liu, Mingzhou Bai
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Remote Sensing
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/15/2654
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author Shaomin Liu
Mingzhou Bai
author_facet Shaomin Liu
Mingzhou Bai
author_sort Shaomin Liu
collection DOAJ
description The Xiong’an New Area, a newly established national-level zone in China, faces the threat of land subsidence and ground fissure due to groundwater overexploitation and geothermal extraction, threatening urban safety. This study integrates time-series InSAR and GNSS monitoring to analyze spatiotemporal deformation patterns from 2017/05 to 2025/03. The key results show: (1) Three subsidence hotspots, namely northern Xiongxian (max. cumulative subsidence: 591 mm; 70 mm/yr), Luzhuang, and Liulizhuang, strongly correlate with geothermal wells and F4/F5 fault zones; (2) GNSS baseline analysis (e.g., XA01-XA02) reveals fissure-induced differential deformation (max. horizontal/vertical rates: 40.04 mm/yr and 19.8 mm/yr); and (3) InSAR–GNSS cross-validation confirms the high consistency of the results (Pearson’s correlation coefficient = 0.86). Subsidence in Xiongxian is driven by geothermal/industrial groundwater use, without any seasonal variations, while Anxin exhibits agricultural pumping-linked seasonal fluctuations. The use of rooftop GNSS stations reduces multipath effects and improves urban monitoring accuracy. The spatiotemporal heterogeneity stems from coupled resource exploitation and tectonic activity. We propose prioritizing rooftop GNSS deployments to enhance east–west deformation monitoring. This framework balances regional and local-scale precision, offering a replicable solution for geological risk assessments in emerging cities.
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spelling doaj-art-9c0f627cb9d643579860918e57a9f1892025-08-20T03:36:22ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922025-07-011715265410.3390/rs17152654Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Ground Subsidence in Xiong’an New Area Revealed by a Combined Observation Framework Based on InSAR and GNSS TechniquesShaomin Liu0Mingzhou Bai1School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiao Tong University, Beijing 100044, ChinaSchool of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiao Tong University, Beijing 100044, ChinaThe Xiong’an New Area, a newly established national-level zone in China, faces the threat of land subsidence and ground fissure due to groundwater overexploitation and geothermal extraction, threatening urban safety. This study integrates time-series InSAR and GNSS monitoring to analyze spatiotemporal deformation patterns from 2017/05 to 2025/03. The key results show: (1) Three subsidence hotspots, namely northern Xiongxian (max. cumulative subsidence: 591 mm; 70 mm/yr), Luzhuang, and Liulizhuang, strongly correlate with geothermal wells and F4/F5 fault zones; (2) GNSS baseline analysis (e.g., XA01-XA02) reveals fissure-induced differential deformation (max. horizontal/vertical rates: 40.04 mm/yr and 19.8 mm/yr); and (3) InSAR–GNSS cross-validation confirms the high consistency of the results (Pearson’s correlation coefficient = 0.86). Subsidence in Xiongxian is driven by geothermal/industrial groundwater use, without any seasonal variations, while Anxin exhibits agricultural pumping-linked seasonal fluctuations. The use of rooftop GNSS stations reduces multipath effects and improves urban monitoring accuracy. The spatiotemporal heterogeneity stems from coupled resource exploitation and tectonic activity. We propose prioritizing rooftop GNSS deployments to enhance east–west deformation monitoring. This framework balances regional and local-scale precision, offering a replicable solution for geological risk assessments in emerging cities.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/15/2654Xiong’an New Areaground subsidenceground fissureInSARGNSS
spellingShingle Shaomin Liu
Mingzhou Bai
Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Ground Subsidence in Xiong’an New Area Revealed by a Combined Observation Framework Based on InSAR and GNSS Techniques
Remote Sensing
Xiong’an New Area
ground subsidence
ground fissure
InSAR
GNSS
title Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Ground Subsidence in Xiong’an New Area Revealed by a Combined Observation Framework Based on InSAR and GNSS Techniques
title_full Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Ground Subsidence in Xiong’an New Area Revealed by a Combined Observation Framework Based on InSAR and GNSS Techniques
title_fullStr Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Ground Subsidence in Xiong’an New Area Revealed by a Combined Observation Framework Based on InSAR and GNSS Techniques
title_full_unstemmed Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Ground Subsidence in Xiong’an New Area Revealed by a Combined Observation Framework Based on InSAR and GNSS Techniques
title_short Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Ground Subsidence in Xiong’an New Area Revealed by a Combined Observation Framework Based on InSAR and GNSS Techniques
title_sort spatiotemporal characteristics of ground subsidence in xiong an new area revealed by a combined observation framework based on insar and gnss techniques
topic Xiong’an New Area
ground subsidence
ground fissure
InSAR
GNSS
url https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/15/2654
work_keys_str_mv AT shaominliu spatiotemporalcharacteristicsofgroundsubsidenceinxiongannewarearevealedbyacombinedobservationframeworkbasedoninsarandgnsstechniques
AT mingzhoubai spatiotemporalcharacteristicsofgroundsubsidenceinxiongannewarearevealedbyacombinedobservationframeworkbasedoninsarandgnsstechniques