Influence of nitrate-containing arugula juice on nitrate-reducing oral bacteria and periodontopathogens in smokers’ biofilm

Influence of nitrate-containing arugula juice on nitrate-reducing oral bacteria and periodontopathogens in smokers’ biofilm

Green leafy vegetables such as arugula are rich in nitrates that support oral health, yet their effects on oral microbial balance, especially in smokers, remain unclear. This study evaluated the survival and activity of nitrate-reducing bacteria (NRB; Veillonella spp. and Rothia spp.) in biofilm exp...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Boy M. Bachtiar, Irene E. Rieuwpassa, Heni Susilowati, Retno Indrawati, Citra F. Theodorea, Turmidzi Fath, Endang W. Bachtiar
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-05-01
Series:Frontiers in Dental Medicine
Subjects:
arugula
biofilm
nitrate-reducing bacteria
periodontopathogens
nitrate-associated genes
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fdmed.2025.1545479/full
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