Combined Effect of Cold Atmospheric Plasma and Chitooligosaccharide–EGCG Conjugate on Quality and Shelf-Life of Depurated Asian Green Mussel

The combined effects of chitooligosaccharide–epigallocatechin gallate conjugate (CEC) at different concentrations (1, 2, and 3%, <i>w</i>/<i>w</i>) and cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) on the depurated Asian green mussel edible portion (AGM-EP) were investigated during refrigera...

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Main Authors: Ajay Mittal, Soottawat Benjakul, Nigel Brunton, Deepak Kadam, Avtar Singh
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Foods
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/8/1399
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author Ajay Mittal
Soottawat Benjakul
Nigel Brunton
Deepak Kadam
Avtar Singh
author_facet Ajay Mittal
Soottawat Benjakul
Nigel Brunton
Deepak Kadam
Avtar Singh
author_sort Ajay Mittal
collection DOAJ
description The combined effects of chitooligosaccharide–epigallocatechin gallate conjugate (CEC) at different concentrations (1, 2, and 3%, <i>w</i>/<i>w</i>) and cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) on the depurated Asian green mussel edible portion (AGM-EP) were investigated during refrigerated storage for 15 days. Among all the treatments, the microbial counts, total volatile bases (TMA-N and TVB-N), and lipid oxidation of AGM-EP-treated 3% CEC in conjunction with CAP (CEC-3-CAP) were lower than the other samples during 15-day storage (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Total viable bacteria (6.16 log CFU/g sample), psychrotrophic bacteria (3.24 log CFU/g sample), <i>Vibrio</i> spp. (2.47 log CFU/g sample), presumptive <i>Pseudomonas</i> (5.93 log CFU/g sample), and H<sub>2</sub>S-producing bacteria (5.05 log CFU/g sample) counts of the CEC-3-CAP were lower than samples treated with 1 and 2% (<i>w</i>/<i>w</i>) CEC on day 15, as well as samples solely treated using CAP during refrigerated storage, irrespective of storage time. Additionally, CEC-3-CAP had significantly lower lipid oxidation (PV: 8.36 mg cumene hydroperoxide/kg sample and TBARS: 2.65 mg MDA/kg sample) as compared to those without CEC added and other samples (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The incorporation of CEC effectively mitigated lipid oxidation as supported by lower reduction of PUFAs in AGM-EP. Moreover, on day 0, no significant differences were observed in cooking loss or textural parameters (firmness and toughness) among the treatments (<i>p</i> > 0.05). However, as storage progressed, cooking loss increased in the CEC-3-CAP sample, while a noticeable decline in firmness and toughness was recorded (<i>p</i> < 0.05). This further attributed to the lower likeness attained for CAP-3-CAP on day 12, but the score was higher than the acceptable limit (5.0). Therefore, CAP together with CEC is a promising technology to prolong the shelf-life of depurated AGM-EP by at least 9 days as compared to the control (3 days), but it certainly needs further studies for the retention of textural properties and sensorial attributes.
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spelling doaj-art-9c08975b4ea74ab48952da608a1247df2025-08-20T03:13:30ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582025-04-01148139910.3390/foods14081399Combined Effect of Cold Atmospheric Plasma and Chitooligosaccharide–EGCG Conjugate on Quality and Shelf-Life of Depurated Asian Green MusselAjay Mittal0Soottawat Benjakul1Nigel Brunton2Deepak Kadam3Avtar Singh4UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield Campus, D04 V1W8 Dublin, IrelandInternational Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation (ICE-SSI), Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Songkhla, ThailandUCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield Campus, D04 V1W8 Dublin, IrelandDepartment of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, CanadaInternational Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation (ICE-SSI), Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Songkhla, ThailandThe combined effects of chitooligosaccharide–epigallocatechin gallate conjugate (CEC) at different concentrations (1, 2, and 3%, <i>w</i>/<i>w</i>) and cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) on the depurated Asian green mussel edible portion (AGM-EP) were investigated during refrigerated storage for 15 days. Among all the treatments, the microbial counts, total volatile bases (TMA-N and TVB-N), and lipid oxidation of AGM-EP-treated 3% CEC in conjunction with CAP (CEC-3-CAP) were lower than the other samples during 15-day storage (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Total viable bacteria (6.16 log CFU/g sample), psychrotrophic bacteria (3.24 log CFU/g sample), <i>Vibrio</i> spp. (2.47 log CFU/g sample), presumptive <i>Pseudomonas</i> (5.93 log CFU/g sample), and H<sub>2</sub>S-producing bacteria (5.05 log CFU/g sample) counts of the CEC-3-CAP were lower than samples treated with 1 and 2% (<i>w</i>/<i>w</i>) CEC on day 15, as well as samples solely treated using CAP during refrigerated storage, irrespective of storage time. Additionally, CEC-3-CAP had significantly lower lipid oxidation (PV: 8.36 mg cumene hydroperoxide/kg sample and TBARS: 2.65 mg MDA/kg sample) as compared to those without CEC added and other samples (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The incorporation of CEC effectively mitigated lipid oxidation as supported by lower reduction of PUFAs in AGM-EP. Moreover, on day 0, no significant differences were observed in cooking loss or textural parameters (firmness and toughness) among the treatments (<i>p</i> > 0.05). However, as storage progressed, cooking loss increased in the CEC-3-CAP sample, while a noticeable decline in firmness and toughness was recorded (<i>p</i> < 0.05). This further attributed to the lower likeness attained for CAP-3-CAP on day 12, but the score was higher than the acceptable limit (5.0). Therefore, CAP together with CEC is a promising technology to prolong the shelf-life of depurated AGM-EP by at least 9 days as compared to the control (3 days), but it certainly needs further studies for the retention of textural properties and sensorial attributes.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/8/1399chitooligosaccharide-EGCG conjugateAsian green musselcold plasmashelf-life extensionfood safety
spellingShingle Ajay Mittal
Soottawat Benjakul
Nigel Brunton
Deepak Kadam
Avtar Singh
Combined Effect of Cold Atmospheric Plasma and Chitooligosaccharide–EGCG Conjugate on Quality and Shelf-Life of Depurated Asian Green Mussel
Foods
chitooligosaccharide-EGCG conjugate
Asian green mussel
cold plasma
shelf-life extension
food safety
title Combined Effect of Cold Atmospheric Plasma and Chitooligosaccharide–EGCG Conjugate on Quality and Shelf-Life of Depurated Asian Green Mussel
title_full Combined Effect of Cold Atmospheric Plasma and Chitooligosaccharide–EGCG Conjugate on Quality and Shelf-Life of Depurated Asian Green Mussel
title_fullStr Combined Effect of Cold Atmospheric Plasma and Chitooligosaccharide–EGCG Conjugate on Quality and Shelf-Life of Depurated Asian Green Mussel
title_full_unstemmed Combined Effect of Cold Atmospheric Plasma and Chitooligosaccharide–EGCG Conjugate on Quality and Shelf-Life of Depurated Asian Green Mussel
title_short Combined Effect of Cold Atmospheric Plasma and Chitooligosaccharide–EGCG Conjugate on Quality and Shelf-Life of Depurated Asian Green Mussel
title_sort combined effect of cold atmospheric plasma and chitooligosaccharide egcg conjugate on quality and shelf life of depurated asian green mussel
topic chitooligosaccharide-EGCG conjugate
Asian green mussel
cold plasma
shelf-life extension
food safety
url https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/8/1399
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