The Daytime Variations of Thermospheric Temperature and Neutral Density Over Beijing During Minor Geomagnetic Storm on 3–4 February 2022
Abstract On 3 February 2022, 38 satellites launched by SpaceX re‐entered the atmosphere and were subsequently destroyed. An investigation found that a minor geomagnetic storm occurred on 3–4 February 2022 led to a neutral density enhancement and large atmospheric drag. To better understand the respo...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Space Weather |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1029/2023SW003677 |
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| author | Shaoyang Li Zhipeng Ren Tingting Yu Guangming Chen Guozhu Li Biqiang Zhao Xinan Yue Yong Wei |
| author_facet | Shaoyang Li Zhipeng Ren Tingting Yu Guangming Chen Guozhu Li Biqiang Zhao Xinan Yue Yong Wei |
| author_sort | Shaoyang Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract On 3 February 2022, 38 satellites launched by SpaceX re‐entered the atmosphere and were subsequently destroyed. An investigation found that a minor geomagnetic storm occurred on 3–4 February 2022 led to a neutral density enhancement and large atmospheric drag. To better understand the responses of the thermosphere to geomagnetic storms, the method proposed by Li et al. (2023, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022ja030988) was employed to extract exospheric temperature (Tex) from ionosonde electron density profiles (∼150–200 km) in Beijing (geolocation: 39.56°N; 116.2°E; geomagnetic location: 30.16°N; 172.08°W) station. The retrieved Tex was plugged into the NRLMSISE‐00 model to calculate the corresponding neutral density. Derived results showed a ∼2%–7% enhancement in Tex and a ∼15%–38% enhancement in neutral density at 430 km. The relative deviation in neutral density on the satellites’ orbital trajectory ranges from ∼10% (210 km) to ∼35% (500 km) on 3 February, and from ∼13% (210 km) to ∼60% (500 km) on 4 February. Furthermore, the neutral density reproduced the variations observed by the SWARM‐C satellite fairly well both on quiet and disturbed days. These results suggest that even a minor geomagnetic storm can cause significant changes in neutral temperature and neutral density at middle latitudes. Additionally, the application of our inversion method, combined with the global, long‐term and real‐time ionospheric observations from ionosondes, provides an opportunity to improve the capability of thermosphere forecasting and nowcasting. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-9c0009b0b5004b05b018836b0560b196 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1542-7390 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Space Weather |
| spelling | doaj-art-9c0009b0b5004b05b018836b0560b1962025-01-14T16:30:41ZengWileySpace Weather1542-73902024-02-01222n/an/a10.1029/2023SW003677The Daytime Variations of Thermospheric Temperature and Neutral Density Over Beijing During Minor Geomagnetic Storm on 3–4 February 2022Shaoyang Li0Zhipeng Ren1Tingting Yu2Guangming Chen3Guozhu Li4Biqiang Zhao5Xinan Yue6Yong Wei7Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing ChinaKey Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing ChinaKey Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing ChinaScience and Technology on Aerospace Flight Dynamics Laboratory Beijing ChinaKey Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing ChinaKey Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing ChinaKey Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing ChinaKey Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing ChinaAbstract On 3 February 2022, 38 satellites launched by SpaceX re‐entered the atmosphere and were subsequently destroyed. An investigation found that a minor geomagnetic storm occurred on 3–4 February 2022 led to a neutral density enhancement and large atmospheric drag. To better understand the responses of the thermosphere to geomagnetic storms, the method proposed by Li et al. (2023, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022ja030988) was employed to extract exospheric temperature (Tex) from ionosonde electron density profiles (∼150–200 km) in Beijing (geolocation: 39.56°N; 116.2°E; geomagnetic location: 30.16°N; 172.08°W) station. The retrieved Tex was plugged into the NRLMSISE‐00 model to calculate the corresponding neutral density. Derived results showed a ∼2%–7% enhancement in Tex and a ∼15%–38% enhancement in neutral density at 430 km. The relative deviation in neutral density on the satellites’ orbital trajectory ranges from ∼10% (210 km) to ∼35% (500 km) on 3 February, and from ∼13% (210 km) to ∼60% (500 km) on 4 February. Furthermore, the neutral density reproduced the variations observed by the SWARM‐C satellite fairly well both on quiet and disturbed days. These results suggest that even a minor geomagnetic storm can cause significant changes in neutral temperature and neutral density at middle latitudes. Additionally, the application of our inversion method, combined with the global, long‐term and real‐time ionospheric observations from ionosondes, provides an opportunity to improve the capability of thermosphere forecasting and nowcasting.https://doi.org/10.1029/2023SW003677 |
| spellingShingle | Shaoyang Li Zhipeng Ren Tingting Yu Guangming Chen Guozhu Li Biqiang Zhao Xinan Yue Yong Wei The Daytime Variations of Thermospheric Temperature and Neutral Density Over Beijing During Minor Geomagnetic Storm on 3–4 February 2022 Space Weather |
| title | The Daytime Variations of Thermospheric Temperature and Neutral Density Over Beijing During Minor Geomagnetic Storm on 3–4 February 2022 |
| title_full | The Daytime Variations of Thermospheric Temperature and Neutral Density Over Beijing During Minor Geomagnetic Storm on 3–4 February 2022 |
| title_fullStr | The Daytime Variations of Thermospheric Temperature and Neutral Density Over Beijing During Minor Geomagnetic Storm on 3–4 February 2022 |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Daytime Variations of Thermospheric Temperature and Neutral Density Over Beijing During Minor Geomagnetic Storm on 3–4 February 2022 |
| title_short | The Daytime Variations of Thermospheric Temperature and Neutral Density Over Beijing During Minor Geomagnetic Storm on 3–4 February 2022 |
| title_sort | daytime variations of thermospheric temperature and neutral density over beijing during minor geomagnetic storm on 3 4 february 2022 |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1029/2023SW003677 |
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