VCPC: virtual contrastive constraint and prototype calibration for few-shot class-incremental plant disease classification
Abstract Deep learning demonstrates strong generalisation capabilities, driving substantial progress in plant disease recognition systems. However, current methods are predominantly optimised for offline implementation. Real-time crop surveillance systems encounter streaming images containing novel...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Plant Methods |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13007-025-01423-3 |
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| author | Lunhong Lou Jianwu Lin Lin You Xin Zhang Tomislav Cernava Hanyu Lu Xiaoyulong Chen |
| author_facet | Lunhong Lou Jianwu Lin Lin You Xin Zhang Tomislav Cernava Hanyu Lu Xiaoyulong Chen |
| author_sort | Lunhong Lou |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Deep learning demonstrates strong generalisation capabilities, driving substantial progress in plant disease recognition systems. However, current methods are predominantly optimised for offline implementation. Real-time crop surveillance systems encounter streaming images containing novel disease classes in few-shot conditions, demanding incrementally adaptive models. This capability is called few-shot class-incremental learning (FSCIL). Here, we introduce VCPV—virtual contrastive constraints with prototype vector calibration—enabling sustainable plant disease classification under FSClL conditions. Specifically, our method consists of two phases: the base class training phase and the incremental training phase. During the base class training phase, the virtual contrastive class constraints (VCC) module is utilised to enhance learning from base classes and allocate sufficient embedding space for new plant disease images. In the incremental training phase, the prototype calibration embedding (PCE) module is introduced to distinguish newly arriving plant disease categories from previous ones, thereby optimising the prototype space and enhancing the recognition accuracy of new categories. We evaluated our approach on the PlantVillage dataset, and the experimental results under both 5-way 5-shot and 3-way 5-shot settings demonstrate that our method achieves state-of-the-art accuracy. At the same time, we achieved promising performance on the publicly available CIFAR-100 dataset. Furthermore, the visualisation results validate that our strategy effectively supports fine-grained, sustainable disease recognition, highlighting the potential of our approach to advance FSCIL in the field of plant disease monitoring. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-9bf8f3ee26e44d9690c4898a52ac9532 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1746-4811 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plant Methods |
| spelling | doaj-art-9bf8f3ee26e44d9690c4898a52ac95322025-08-20T03:05:20ZengBMCPlant Methods1746-48112025-07-0121112010.1186/s13007-025-01423-3VCPC: virtual contrastive constraint and prototype calibration for few-shot class-incremental plant disease classificationLunhong Lou0Jianwu Lin1Lin You2Xin Zhang3Tomislav Cernava4Hanyu Lu5Xiaoyulong Chen6College of Big Data and Information Engineering, Guizhou UniversityState Key Laboratory of Public Big Data, College of Computer Science and Technology, Guizhou UniversityCollege of Big Data and Information Engineering, Guizhou UniversityCollege of Big Data and Information Engineering, Guizhou UniversitySchool of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of SouthamptonCollege of Big Data and Information Engineering, Guizhou UniversityCollege of Life Sciences, Guizhou UniversityAbstract Deep learning demonstrates strong generalisation capabilities, driving substantial progress in plant disease recognition systems. However, current methods are predominantly optimised for offline implementation. Real-time crop surveillance systems encounter streaming images containing novel disease classes in few-shot conditions, demanding incrementally adaptive models. This capability is called few-shot class-incremental learning (FSCIL). Here, we introduce VCPV—virtual contrastive constraints with prototype vector calibration—enabling sustainable plant disease classification under FSClL conditions. Specifically, our method consists of two phases: the base class training phase and the incremental training phase. During the base class training phase, the virtual contrastive class constraints (VCC) module is utilised to enhance learning from base classes and allocate sufficient embedding space for new plant disease images. In the incremental training phase, the prototype calibration embedding (PCE) module is introduced to distinguish newly arriving plant disease categories from previous ones, thereby optimising the prototype space and enhancing the recognition accuracy of new categories. We evaluated our approach on the PlantVillage dataset, and the experimental results under both 5-way 5-shot and 3-way 5-shot settings demonstrate that our method achieves state-of-the-art accuracy. At the same time, we achieved promising performance on the publicly available CIFAR-100 dataset. Furthermore, the visualisation results validate that our strategy effectively supports fine-grained, sustainable disease recognition, highlighting the potential of our approach to advance FSCIL in the field of plant disease monitoring.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13007-025-01423-3Deep learningPlant disease classificationFSCILVirtual contrastive class constraintsPrototype calibration embedding |
| spellingShingle | Lunhong Lou Jianwu Lin Lin You Xin Zhang Tomislav Cernava Hanyu Lu Xiaoyulong Chen VCPC: virtual contrastive constraint and prototype calibration for few-shot class-incremental plant disease classification Plant Methods Deep learning Plant disease classification FSCIL Virtual contrastive class constraints Prototype calibration embedding |
| title | VCPC: virtual contrastive constraint and prototype calibration for few-shot class-incremental plant disease classification |
| title_full | VCPC: virtual contrastive constraint and prototype calibration for few-shot class-incremental plant disease classification |
| title_fullStr | VCPC: virtual contrastive constraint and prototype calibration for few-shot class-incremental plant disease classification |
| title_full_unstemmed | VCPC: virtual contrastive constraint and prototype calibration for few-shot class-incremental plant disease classification |
| title_short | VCPC: virtual contrastive constraint and prototype calibration for few-shot class-incremental plant disease classification |
| title_sort | vcpc virtual contrastive constraint and prototype calibration for few shot class incremental plant disease classification |
| topic | Deep learning Plant disease classification FSCIL Virtual contrastive class constraints Prototype calibration embedding |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13007-025-01423-3 |
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