Role of Fusobacterium Nucleatum and Porphyromonas Gingivalis in Oral Cancer: A Literature Review

Oral cancer, predominantly oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), is a multifactorial disease influenced by genetic, environmental, and microbial factors. Among the emerging contributors to oral carcinogenesis, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis, two Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria...

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Main Authors: Durlak Urszula, Szczuciński Wiktor, Wyleciał Zuzanna, Ząber Julia, Krzyściak Paweł
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Sciendo 2025-07-01
Series:Postępy Mikrobiologii
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.2478/am-2025-0005
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author Durlak Urszula
Szczuciński Wiktor
Wyleciał Zuzanna
Ząber Julia
Krzyściak Paweł
author_facet Durlak Urszula
Szczuciński Wiktor
Wyleciał Zuzanna
Ząber Julia
Krzyściak Paweł
author_sort Durlak Urszula
collection DOAJ
description Oral cancer, predominantly oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), is a multifactorial disease influenced by genetic, environmental, and microbial factors. Among the emerging contributors to oral carcinogenesis, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis, two Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria that reside in the human oral cavity as part of the normal microbiota, have gained attention for their pathogenic roles. Both species play key roles in periodontal disease and exhibit significant tumour-promoting activities through distinct and synergistic mechanisms. They modulate the tumor microenvironment by promoting the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, facilitating immune evasion, and contributing to microbial dysbiosis. Clinical studies have identified their presence in OSCC tissues, correlating with advanced tumor stages, lymph node metastasis, and poor prognosis. Their involvement underscores the critical interplay between oral microbiota and host-pathogen interactions in cancer development. This review highlights the molecular mechanisms through which F. nucleatum and P. gingivalis contribute to oral carcinogenesis, emphasizing the need for further research to explore their diagnostic and therapeutic potential in oral cancer management. Addressing these microbial drivers could pave the way for innovative strategies in cancer prevention and treatment.
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spelling doaj-art-9bed00341827431bb7e654703cab4d932025-08-20T03:23:18ZengSciendoPostępy Mikrobiologii2545-31492025-07-01642516210.2478/am-2025-0005Role of Fusobacterium Nucleatum and Porphyromonas Gingivalis in Oral Cancer: A Literature ReviewDurlak Urszula0Szczuciński Wiktor1Wyleciał Zuzanna2Ząber Julia3Krzyściak Paweł4Students’ Scientific Group of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008Kraków, PolandStudents’ Scientific Group of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008Kraków, PolandGraduate of the Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008Kraków, Poland. Intern at the University Hospital in Kraków, 30-688Kraków, Poland.Graduate of the Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008Kraków, Poland. Intern at the 5th Military Clinical Hospital with Polyclinic, 30-901Kraków, Poland.Department of Infection Control and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-121Kraków, PolandOral cancer, predominantly oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), is a multifactorial disease influenced by genetic, environmental, and microbial factors. Among the emerging contributors to oral carcinogenesis, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis, two Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria that reside in the human oral cavity as part of the normal microbiota, have gained attention for their pathogenic roles. Both species play key roles in periodontal disease and exhibit significant tumour-promoting activities through distinct and synergistic mechanisms. They modulate the tumor microenvironment by promoting the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, facilitating immune evasion, and contributing to microbial dysbiosis. Clinical studies have identified their presence in OSCC tissues, correlating with advanced tumor stages, lymph node metastasis, and poor prognosis. Their involvement underscores the critical interplay between oral microbiota and host-pathogen interactions in cancer development. This review highlights the molecular mechanisms through which F. nucleatum and P. gingivalis contribute to oral carcinogenesis, emphasizing the need for further research to explore their diagnostic and therapeutic potential in oral cancer management. Addressing these microbial drivers could pave the way for innovative strategies in cancer prevention and treatment.https://doi.org/10.2478/am-2025-0005carcinogenesisfusobacterium nucleatumoral microbiotaoral squamous cell carcinoma (oscc)porphyromonas gingivalis
spellingShingle Durlak Urszula
Szczuciński Wiktor
Wyleciał Zuzanna
Ząber Julia
Krzyściak Paweł
Role of Fusobacterium Nucleatum and Porphyromonas Gingivalis in Oral Cancer: A Literature Review
Postępy Mikrobiologii
carcinogenesis
fusobacterium nucleatum
oral microbiota
oral squamous cell carcinoma (oscc)
porphyromonas gingivalis
title Role of Fusobacterium Nucleatum and Porphyromonas Gingivalis in Oral Cancer: A Literature Review
title_full Role of Fusobacterium Nucleatum and Porphyromonas Gingivalis in Oral Cancer: A Literature Review
title_fullStr Role of Fusobacterium Nucleatum and Porphyromonas Gingivalis in Oral Cancer: A Literature Review
title_full_unstemmed Role of Fusobacterium Nucleatum and Porphyromonas Gingivalis in Oral Cancer: A Literature Review
title_short Role of Fusobacterium Nucleatum and Porphyromonas Gingivalis in Oral Cancer: A Literature Review
title_sort role of fusobacterium nucleatum and porphyromonas gingivalis in oral cancer a literature review
topic carcinogenesis
fusobacterium nucleatum
oral microbiota
oral squamous cell carcinoma (oscc)
porphyromonas gingivalis
url https://doi.org/10.2478/am-2025-0005
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