Réconciliation nationale et compensation en Algérie et au Maroc

At the beginning of the 21st century, Algeria and Morocco have put in place policies of “reconciliation”. Algeria, after its policy of clemency (1995) and civil concord (1999), implemented, following a referendum (2005), the measures of the charter for peace and national reconciliation; the ultimate...

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Main Author: Yazid Ben Hounet
Format: Article
Language:fra
Published: CNRS Éditions 2022-01-01
Series:L’Année du Maghreb
Subjects:
Online Access:https://journals.openedition.org/anneemaghreb/9970
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author Yazid Ben Hounet
author_facet Yazid Ben Hounet
author_sort Yazid Ben Hounet
collection DOAJ
description At the beginning of the 21st century, Algeria and Morocco have put in place policies of “reconciliation”. Algeria, after its policy of clemency (1995) and civil concord (1999), implemented, following a referendum (2005), the measures of the charter for peace and national reconciliation; the ultimate policy, to date, to settle the accounts of a murderous decade (1990s) opposing the state and armed Islamic groups. In Morocco, an arbitration committee (1999) and then the Equity and Reconciliation Commission (2004) were set up to turn the page on the period of the “years of lead” (reign of Hassan II) during which state crimes were committed (torture, imprisonment, assassinations, etc.). At the heart of these reconciliation mechanisms, we find one practice: (monetary) compensation for the crimes committed. This has been very little studied. In this article, I explain why, being interested in national reconciliation policies in Algeria and Morocco, I have come to devote my analysis to the compensatory act. The idea that I develop is that compensation remains a central practice of reconciliation mechanisms in North Africa, particularly for normative, social and cultural reasons, but it no longer appears to be sufficient, in itself, because the vision of the person, suffering and trauma has profoundly changed. Compensation alone fails to integrate the expectations of reparations, as they are increasingly promoted here and elsewhere; i.e., more focused on the “condition of the victim” (Rechtman, 2011).
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series L’Année du Maghreb
spelling doaj-art-9bd350116b6c44ec96dc917b0b07aa6b2025-01-30T09:56:42ZfraCNRS ÉditionsL’Année du Maghreb1952-81082109-94052022-01-0126597510.4000/anneemaghreb.9970Réconciliation nationale et compensation en Algérie et au MarocYazid Ben HounetAt the beginning of the 21st century, Algeria and Morocco have put in place policies of “reconciliation”. Algeria, after its policy of clemency (1995) and civil concord (1999), implemented, following a referendum (2005), the measures of the charter for peace and national reconciliation; the ultimate policy, to date, to settle the accounts of a murderous decade (1990s) opposing the state and armed Islamic groups. In Morocco, an arbitration committee (1999) and then the Equity and Reconciliation Commission (2004) were set up to turn the page on the period of the “years of lead” (reign of Hassan II) during which state crimes were committed (torture, imprisonment, assassinations, etc.). At the heart of these reconciliation mechanisms, we find one practice: (monetary) compensation for the crimes committed. This has been very little studied. In this article, I explain why, being interested in national reconciliation policies in Algeria and Morocco, I have come to devote my analysis to the compensatory act. The idea that I develop is that compensation remains a central practice of reconciliation mechanisms in North Africa, particularly for normative, social and cultural reasons, but it no longer appears to be sufficient, in itself, because the vision of the person, suffering and trauma has profoundly changed. Compensation alone fails to integrate the expectations of reparations, as they are increasingly promoted here and elsewhere; i.e., more focused on the “condition of the victim” (Rechtman, 2011).https://journals.openedition.org/anneemaghreb/9970MoroccoAlgeriareconciliationcompensationreparationvictims.
spellingShingle Yazid Ben Hounet
Réconciliation nationale et compensation en Algérie et au Maroc
L’Année du Maghreb
Morocco
Algeria
reconciliation
compensation
reparation
victims.
title Réconciliation nationale et compensation en Algérie et au Maroc
title_full Réconciliation nationale et compensation en Algérie et au Maroc
title_fullStr Réconciliation nationale et compensation en Algérie et au Maroc
title_full_unstemmed Réconciliation nationale et compensation en Algérie et au Maroc
title_short Réconciliation nationale et compensation en Algérie et au Maroc
title_sort reconciliation nationale et compensation en algerie et au maroc
topic Morocco
Algeria
reconciliation
compensation
reparation
victims.
url https://journals.openedition.org/anneemaghreb/9970
work_keys_str_mv AT yazidbenhounet reconciliationnationaleetcompensationenalgerieetaumaroc