Identification of a novel mild isolate of areca palm necrotic spindle-spot virus (ANSSVm) lacking two cysteine proteases (HC-Pro1 and HC-Pro2)
Areca palm necrotic spindle-spot virus (ANSSV) encodes two tandem cysteine proteases, HC-Pro1 and HC-Pro2, at its N-terminal region, essential for maintaining viral infectivity. Deletion of either protease from an infectious clone abolishes infectivity. We report a mild ANSSV isolate, designated ANS...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Microbiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1553892/full |
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| author | Hang Tan Xianmei Cao Xianmei Cao Hongxing Wang Ruibai Zhao Ruibai Zhao Xi Huang |
| author_facet | Hang Tan Xianmei Cao Xianmei Cao Hongxing Wang Ruibai Zhao Ruibai Zhao Xi Huang |
| author_sort | Hang Tan |
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| description | Areca palm necrotic spindle-spot virus (ANSSV) encodes two tandem cysteine proteases, HC-Pro1 and HC-Pro2, at its N-terminal region, essential for maintaining viral infectivity. Deletion of either protease from an infectious clone abolishes infectivity. We report a mild ANSSV isolate, designated ANSSVm, from areca palm leaves exhibiting mild chlorosis. ANSSVm has a truncated genome of 7,868 nt, lacking both HC-Pro1 and HC-Pro2. An infectious ANSSVm clone established systemic infection in Nicotiana benthamiana through agroinfiltration but caused no symptoms in inoculated plants. Nucleotide polymorphisms in ANSSVm clones influenced infectivity, and residue variations of coat protein (CP) and P3 were identified as critical for intercellular movement. However, amino acid substitutions in ANSSVm CP did not alter its interactions with host proteins associated with viral movement. Further research is needed to uncover host factors and interactions essential for the systemic spread of potyvirids, presenting opportunities for targeted viral control strategies in plants. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-9bcacdf769df4e5b8a25e235ba47b96f |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1664-302X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj-art-9bcacdf769df4e5b8a25e235ba47b96f2025-08-20T03:50:43ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2025-07-011610.3389/fmicb.2025.15538921553892Identification of a novel mild isolate of areca palm necrotic spindle-spot virus (ANSSVm) lacking two cysteine proteases (HC-Pro1 and HC-Pro2)Hang Tan0Xianmei Cao1Xianmei Cao2Hongxing Wang3Ruibai Zhao4Ruibai Zhao5Xi Huang6School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, ChinaSchool of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, ChinaSchool of Life and Health Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, ChinaSchool of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, ChinaSchool of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, ChinaSchool of Life and Health Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, ChinaSchool of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, ChinaAreca palm necrotic spindle-spot virus (ANSSV) encodes two tandem cysteine proteases, HC-Pro1 and HC-Pro2, at its N-terminal region, essential for maintaining viral infectivity. Deletion of either protease from an infectious clone abolishes infectivity. We report a mild ANSSV isolate, designated ANSSVm, from areca palm leaves exhibiting mild chlorosis. ANSSVm has a truncated genome of 7,868 nt, lacking both HC-Pro1 and HC-Pro2. An infectious ANSSVm clone established systemic infection in Nicotiana benthamiana through agroinfiltration but caused no symptoms in inoculated plants. Nucleotide polymorphisms in ANSSVm clones influenced infectivity, and residue variations of coat protein (CP) and P3 were identified as critical for intercellular movement. However, amino acid substitutions in ANSSVm CP did not alter its interactions with host proteins associated with viral movement. Further research is needed to uncover host factors and interactions essential for the systemic spread of potyvirids, presenting opportunities for targeted viral control strategies in plants.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1553892/fullPotyviridaeArepavirusareca palm necrotic spindle-spot virus (ANSSV)mild isolateinfectious cloneviral movement |
| spellingShingle | Hang Tan Xianmei Cao Xianmei Cao Hongxing Wang Ruibai Zhao Ruibai Zhao Xi Huang Identification of a novel mild isolate of areca palm necrotic spindle-spot virus (ANSSVm) lacking two cysteine proteases (HC-Pro1 and HC-Pro2) Frontiers in Microbiology Potyviridae Arepavirus areca palm necrotic spindle-spot virus (ANSSV) mild isolate infectious clone viral movement |
| title | Identification of a novel mild isolate of areca palm necrotic spindle-spot virus (ANSSVm) lacking two cysteine proteases (HC-Pro1 and HC-Pro2) |
| title_full | Identification of a novel mild isolate of areca palm necrotic spindle-spot virus (ANSSVm) lacking two cysteine proteases (HC-Pro1 and HC-Pro2) |
| title_fullStr | Identification of a novel mild isolate of areca palm necrotic spindle-spot virus (ANSSVm) lacking two cysteine proteases (HC-Pro1 and HC-Pro2) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Identification of a novel mild isolate of areca palm necrotic spindle-spot virus (ANSSVm) lacking two cysteine proteases (HC-Pro1 and HC-Pro2) |
| title_short | Identification of a novel mild isolate of areca palm necrotic spindle-spot virus (ANSSVm) lacking two cysteine proteases (HC-Pro1 and HC-Pro2) |
| title_sort | identification of a novel mild isolate of areca palm necrotic spindle spot virus anssvm lacking two cysteine proteases hc pro1 and hc pro2 |
| topic | Potyviridae Arepavirus areca palm necrotic spindle-spot virus (ANSSV) mild isolate infectious clone viral movement |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1553892/full |
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