Interpretation of three-dimensional polarization states through the smart decomposition of the polarization matrix

A complete description of a three-dimensional (3D) polarization state is provided by the two most significant eigenstates of the polarization matrix, together with the two indices of polarimetric purity. By means of the so-called smart decomposition, such information can be arranged to represent the...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Gil José J., Norrman Andreas, Friberg Ari T., Setälä Tero
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: EDP Sciences 2025-01-01
Series:Journal of the European Optical Society-Rapid Publications
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Online Access:https://jeos.edpsciences.org/articles/jeos/full_html/2025/01/jeos20250030/jeos20250030.html
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Summary:A complete description of a three-dimensional (3D) polarization state is provided by the two most significant eigenstates of the polarization matrix, together with the two indices of polarimetric purity. By means of the so-called smart decomposition, such information can be arranged to represent the state as a combination of two components, one partially polarized (active component) and one unpolarized. Contrary to what happens for two-dimensional (2D) polarization states (with the electric field fluctuating within a fixed plane), whose active component is constituted by a single totally polarized state, in the general case of 3D polarization states the active component is given by a weighted incoherent composition of the two above-mentioned eigenstates. We show that a detailed description of the intensity and spin anisotropies is encompassed by the active component of the state, which admits a simple interpretation and geometric representation. In addition, it is found that the degree of nonregularity can be viewed as a distance of the state to a regular state.
ISSN:1990-2573