What can neurofeedback and transcranial alternating current stimulation reveal about cross-frequency coupling?
In recent years, the dynamics and function of cross-frequency coupling (CFC) in electroencephalography (EEG) have emerged as a prevalent area of investigation within the research community. One possible approach in studying CFC is to utilize non-invasive neuromodulation methods such as transcranial...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Neuroscience |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2025.1465773/full |
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| author | Mária Orendáčová Eugen Kvašňák |
| author_facet | Mária Orendáčová Eugen Kvašňák |
| author_sort | Mária Orendáčová |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In recent years, the dynamics and function of cross-frequency coupling (CFC) in electroencephalography (EEG) have emerged as a prevalent area of investigation within the research community. One possible approach in studying CFC is to utilize non-invasive neuromodulation methods such as transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) and neurofeedback (NFB). In this study, we address (1) the potential applicability of single and multifrequency tACS and NFB protocols in CFC research; (2) the prevalence of CFC types, such as phase–amplitude or amplitude–amplitude CFC, in tACS and NFB studies; and (3) factors that contribute to inter- and intraindividual variability in CFC and ways to address them potentially. Here we analyzed research studies on CFC, tACS, and neurofeedback. Based on current knowledge, CFC types have been reported in tACS and NFB studies. We hypothesize that direct and indirect effects of tACS and neurofeedback can induce CFC. Several variability factors such as health status, age, fatigue, personality traits, and eyes-closed (EC) vs. eyes-open (EO)condition may influence the CFC types. Modifying the duration of the tACS and neurofeedback intervention and selecting a specific demographic experimental group could reduce these sources of CFC variability. Neurofeedback and tACS appear to be promising tools for studying CFC. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-9bbc1720fd2d41d6b28a29bd51fe4c26 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1662-453X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Neuroscience |
| spelling | doaj-art-9bbc1720fd2d41d6b28a29bd51fe4c262025-02-12T07:26:11ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Neuroscience1662-453X2025-02-011910.3389/fnins.2025.14657731465773What can neurofeedback and transcranial alternating current stimulation reveal about cross-frequency coupling?Mária OrendáčováEugen KvašňákIn recent years, the dynamics and function of cross-frequency coupling (CFC) in electroencephalography (EEG) have emerged as a prevalent area of investigation within the research community. One possible approach in studying CFC is to utilize non-invasive neuromodulation methods such as transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) and neurofeedback (NFB). In this study, we address (1) the potential applicability of single and multifrequency tACS and NFB protocols in CFC research; (2) the prevalence of CFC types, such as phase–amplitude or amplitude–amplitude CFC, in tACS and NFB studies; and (3) factors that contribute to inter- and intraindividual variability in CFC and ways to address them potentially. Here we analyzed research studies on CFC, tACS, and neurofeedback. Based on current knowledge, CFC types have been reported in tACS and NFB studies. We hypothesize that direct and indirect effects of tACS and neurofeedback can induce CFC. Several variability factors such as health status, age, fatigue, personality traits, and eyes-closed (EC) vs. eyes-open (EO)condition may influence the CFC types. Modifying the duration of the tACS and neurofeedback intervention and selecting a specific demographic experimental group could reduce these sources of CFC variability. Neurofeedback and tACS appear to be promising tools for studying CFC.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2025.1465773/fullEEGcross-frequency couplingneurofeedbacktACSvariability |
| spellingShingle | Mária Orendáčová Eugen Kvašňák What can neurofeedback and transcranial alternating current stimulation reveal about cross-frequency coupling? Frontiers in Neuroscience EEG cross-frequency coupling neurofeedback tACS variability |
| title | What can neurofeedback and transcranial alternating current stimulation reveal about cross-frequency coupling? |
| title_full | What can neurofeedback and transcranial alternating current stimulation reveal about cross-frequency coupling? |
| title_fullStr | What can neurofeedback and transcranial alternating current stimulation reveal about cross-frequency coupling? |
| title_full_unstemmed | What can neurofeedback and transcranial alternating current stimulation reveal about cross-frequency coupling? |
| title_short | What can neurofeedback and transcranial alternating current stimulation reveal about cross-frequency coupling? |
| title_sort | what can neurofeedback and transcranial alternating current stimulation reveal about cross frequency coupling |
| topic | EEG cross-frequency coupling neurofeedback tACS variability |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2025.1465773/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mariaorendacova whatcanneurofeedbackandtranscranialalternatingcurrentstimulationrevealaboutcrossfrequencycoupling AT eugenkvasnak whatcanneurofeedbackandtranscranialalternatingcurrentstimulationrevealaboutcrossfrequencycoupling |