Exploring the clinical value of regional nodal irradiation in sentinel lymph node positive breast cancer patients omitting axillary dissection

Abstract Purpose The practice of omitting of axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) in patients with a low tumor burden in sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) has become standard in managing early-stage breast cancer. This study aims to determine the clinical application value of regional lymph node irradiati...

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Main Authors: Yongjin Lu, Zhiqiang Shi, Qiuchen Zhao, Zhao Bi, Xiao Sun, Chunjian Wang, Ruijie Jia, Junsheng Zheng, Jing Sun, Yongsheng Wang, Pengfei Qiu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-05-01
Series:BMC Cancer
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-025-14215-8
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author Yongjin Lu
Zhiqiang Shi
Qiuchen Zhao
Zhao Bi
Xiao Sun
Chunjian Wang
Ruijie Jia
Junsheng Zheng
Jing Sun
Yongsheng Wang
Pengfei Qiu
author_facet Yongjin Lu
Zhiqiang Shi
Qiuchen Zhao
Zhao Bi
Xiao Sun
Chunjian Wang
Ruijie Jia
Junsheng Zheng
Jing Sun
Yongsheng Wang
Pengfei Qiu
author_sort Yongjin Lu
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Purpose The practice of omitting of axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) in patients with a low tumor burden in sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) has become standard in managing early-stage breast cancer. This study aims to determine the clinical application value of regional lymph node irradiation (RNI) in such patients by analyzing relevant clinical and pathological data and survival outcomes. Methods We gathered data on 7603 patients from Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institutet between September 2014 and December 2022. Patients identified as SLN-positive who omitted ALND were classified based on whether RNI was included in their radiotherapy target area. Their case data and treatment details were analyzed, followed by regular follow-up assessments. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to compare recurrence and survival differences between the two groups. The primary outcome measured was locoregional recurrence-free survival (LRRFS), and the secondary outcomes were invasive disease-free survival (iDFS) and overall survival (OS). Results Out of 326 women, they were divided into the RNI group (n = 154) and no-RNI groups (n = 172). After a median follow-up of 47 months, the recurrence rate in the no-RNI group was 4.7%. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis identified the triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtype as a strong independent prognostic factor for iDFS (P < 0.001). Although RNI did not reach statistical significance in univariate analysis, it exhibited a significant protective effect after multivariate adjustment (P = 0.024). Kaplan–Meier survival analysis further revealed that RNI significantly improved LRRFS and iDFS (P = 0.042; P = 0.037, respectively), whereas no OS benefit was observed. Conclusions As the practice of surgical de-escalation becomes more widely adopted, the precise application of radiotherapy for SLN-positive patients exempt from ALND has become a key area of research. This study supports the use of RNI as crucial adjunctive treatment to enhance locoregional control, particularly for high-risk subgroups.
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spelling doaj-art-9ba31b8dd26b4cbf9c2edbe3534c6cf52025-08-20T02:32:08ZengBMCBMC Cancer1471-24072025-05-0125111010.1186/s12885-025-14215-8Exploring the clinical value of regional nodal irradiation in sentinel lymph node positive breast cancer patients omitting axillary dissectionYongjin Lu0Zhiqiang Shi1Qiuchen Zhao2Zhao Bi3Xiao Sun4Chunjian Wang5Ruijie Jia6Junsheng Zheng7Jing Sun8Yongsheng Wang9Pengfei Qiu10Breast Cancer Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesBreast Cancer Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesCancer Research UK Cambridge Centre and Department of Oncology, University of CambridgeBreast Cancer Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesBreast Cancer Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesBreast Cancer Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesBreast Cancer Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesBreast Cancer Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesBreast Cancer Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesBreast Cancer Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesBreast Cancer Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesAbstract Purpose The practice of omitting of axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) in patients with a low tumor burden in sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) has become standard in managing early-stage breast cancer. This study aims to determine the clinical application value of regional lymph node irradiation (RNI) in such patients by analyzing relevant clinical and pathological data and survival outcomes. Methods We gathered data on 7603 patients from Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institutet between September 2014 and December 2022. Patients identified as SLN-positive who omitted ALND were classified based on whether RNI was included in their radiotherapy target area. Their case data and treatment details were analyzed, followed by regular follow-up assessments. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to compare recurrence and survival differences between the two groups. The primary outcome measured was locoregional recurrence-free survival (LRRFS), and the secondary outcomes were invasive disease-free survival (iDFS) and overall survival (OS). Results Out of 326 women, they were divided into the RNI group (n = 154) and no-RNI groups (n = 172). After a median follow-up of 47 months, the recurrence rate in the no-RNI group was 4.7%. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis identified the triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtype as a strong independent prognostic factor for iDFS (P < 0.001). Although RNI did not reach statistical significance in univariate analysis, it exhibited a significant protective effect after multivariate adjustment (P = 0.024). Kaplan–Meier survival analysis further revealed that RNI significantly improved LRRFS and iDFS (P = 0.042; P = 0.037, respectively), whereas no OS benefit was observed. Conclusions As the practice of surgical de-escalation becomes more widely adopted, the precise application of radiotherapy for SLN-positive patients exempt from ALND has become a key area of research. This study supports the use of RNI as crucial adjunctive treatment to enhance locoregional control, particularly for high-risk subgroups.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-025-14215-8Breast cancerAxillary lymph nodesSentinel lymph node biopsyRegional lymph node irradiation
spellingShingle Yongjin Lu
Zhiqiang Shi
Qiuchen Zhao
Zhao Bi
Xiao Sun
Chunjian Wang
Ruijie Jia
Junsheng Zheng
Jing Sun
Yongsheng Wang
Pengfei Qiu
Exploring the clinical value of regional nodal irradiation in sentinel lymph node positive breast cancer patients omitting axillary dissection
BMC Cancer
Breast cancer
Axillary lymph nodes
Sentinel lymph node biopsy
Regional lymph node irradiation
title Exploring the clinical value of regional nodal irradiation in sentinel lymph node positive breast cancer patients omitting axillary dissection
title_full Exploring the clinical value of regional nodal irradiation in sentinel lymph node positive breast cancer patients omitting axillary dissection
title_fullStr Exploring the clinical value of regional nodal irradiation in sentinel lymph node positive breast cancer patients omitting axillary dissection
title_full_unstemmed Exploring the clinical value of regional nodal irradiation in sentinel lymph node positive breast cancer patients omitting axillary dissection
title_short Exploring the clinical value of regional nodal irradiation in sentinel lymph node positive breast cancer patients omitting axillary dissection
title_sort exploring the clinical value of regional nodal irradiation in sentinel lymph node positive breast cancer patients omitting axillary dissection
topic Breast cancer
Axillary lymph nodes
Sentinel lymph node biopsy
Regional lymph node irradiation
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-025-14215-8
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