HIV/AIDS among migrants in Morocco: a cross-sectional biobehavioral study

Abstract Background Morocco has become a transit and destination country for thousands of migrants, primarily from sub-Saharan African countries. Migrant groups in Morocco are recognized as key populations vulnerable to HIV/AIDS in the national strategic plans on HIV. This study aims to describe the...

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Main Authors: Abdelkader Yacoubi, Oumnia Bouaddi, Ibtissam Khoudri, Houssine El Rhilani, Amina Elkettani, Aasma Chaoui, Noha El Ouafi, Naima Abda, Mohamed Khalis
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:International Journal for Equity in Health
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-025-02461-y
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author Abdelkader Yacoubi
Oumnia Bouaddi
Ibtissam Khoudri
Houssine El Rhilani
Amina Elkettani
Aasma Chaoui
Noha El Ouafi
Naima Abda
Mohamed Khalis
author_facet Abdelkader Yacoubi
Oumnia Bouaddi
Ibtissam Khoudri
Houssine El Rhilani
Amina Elkettani
Aasma Chaoui
Noha El Ouafi
Naima Abda
Mohamed Khalis
author_sort Abdelkader Yacoubi
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Morocco has become a transit and destination country for thousands of migrants, primarily from sub-Saharan African countries. Migrant groups in Morocco are recognized as key populations vulnerable to HIV/AIDS in the national strategic plans on HIV. This study aims to describe the HIV status, knowledge, attitudes, and risk behaviors among a sample of migrants in northeastern Morocco, as well as their access to HIV prevention, testing and counseling services. Methods This cross-sectional biobehavioral survey described the prevalence of HIV, HIV/AIDS knowledge, attitudes, and risk behaviors among migrant populations in Oujda, northeastern Morocco. Using respondent-driven sampling (RDS), adult migrants aged > 18 years, residing in the study area for more than 3 months, and fluent in French or English were included in the study. Data collection was conducted using a questionnaire covering demographics, HIV/AIDS knowledge, attitudes, risk behaviors, and HIV testing. HIV testing included initial rapid tests and confirmatory tests for reactive specimens and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for discordant or indeterminate results. Results Among the 290 respondents, HIV prevalence was 1.7%. About 82% had heard of HIV, half of whom were aware of protective measures such as abstinence (50.4%), condom use (50.8%), and monogamy (47.5%). Awareness of HIV mother-to-child transmission was less than 40%. Regarding attitudes, 77.9% would care for an HIV-positive person at home, 82.8% would keep their HIV status confidential, and over 40% supported HIV-positive students and teachers continuing education. Significant differences in knowledge and attitudes scores were found across age, gender and marital status. Half of the participants (50.7%) reported having ever been tested for HIV, of whom 97.9% received HIV test results, and 61.6% received counseling after the test. Conclusions The results of this study show that the prevalence of HIV infection among migrants is greater than that among the general population (less than 0.1% in the general population) and that some challenges remain, such as stigmatizing attitudes, suboptimal understanding of HIV prevention, and substandard access to post-test counseling. Based on these findings, it is crucial to highlight the importance of strengthening HIV prevention efforts among migrants and addressing the social, behavioral and environmental factors that contribute to the spread of HIV.
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spelling doaj-art-9b95dfc7469949cc89a2ecd0371a2e5c2025-08-20T03:45:23ZengBMCInternational Journal for Equity in Health1475-92762025-07-012411910.1186/s12939-025-02461-yHIV/AIDS among migrants in Morocco: a cross-sectional biobehavioral studyAbdelkader Yacoubi0Oumnia Bouaddi1Ibtissam Khoudri2Houssine El Rhilani3Amina Elkettani4Aasma Chaoui5Noha El Ouafi6Naima Abda7Mohamed Khalis8Laboratory of Epidemiology, Clinical Research, and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed First UniversityDepartment of Public Health and Clinical Research, Mohammed VI Center for Research and Innovation (CM6RI)Directorate of Epidemiology and Disease Control, Ministry of HealthJoint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS)Directorate of Epidemiology and Disease Control, Ministry of HealthDirectorate of Epidemiology and Disease Control, Ministry of HealthLaboratory of Epidemiology, Clinical Research, and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed First UniversityLaboratory of Epidemiology, Clinical Research, and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed First UniversityDepartment of Public Health and Clinical Research, Mohammed VI Center for Research and Innovation (CM6RI)Abstract Background Morocco has become a transit and destination country for thousands of migrants, primarily from sub-Saharan African countries. Migrant groups in Morocco are recognized as key populations vulnerable to HIV/AIDS in the national strategic plans on HIV. This study aims to describe the HIV status, knowledge, attitudes, and risk behaviors among a sample of migrants in northeastern Morocco, as well as their access to HIV prevention, testing and counseling services. Methods This cross-sectional biobehavioral survey described the prevalence of HIV, HIV/AIDS knowledge, attitudes, and risk behaviors among migrant populations in Oujda, northeastern Morocco. Using respondent-driven sampling (RDS), adult migrants aged > 18 years, residing in the study area for more than 3 months, and fluent in French or English were included in the study. Data collection was conducted using a questionnaire covering demographics, HIV/AIDS knowledge, attitudes, risk behaviors, and HIV testing. HIV testing included initial rapid tests and confirmatory tests for reactive specimens and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for discordant or indeterminate results. Results Among the 290 respondents, HIV prevalence was 1.7%. About 82% had heard of HIV, half of whom were aware of protective measures such as abstinence (50.4%), condom use (50.8%), and monogamy (47.5%). Awareness of HIV mother-to-child transmission was less than 40%. Regarding attitudes, 77.9% would care for an HIV-positive person at home, 82.8% would keep their HIV status confidential, and over 40% supported HIV-positive students and teachers continuing education. Significant differences in knowledge and attitudes scores were found across age, gender and marital status. Half of the participants (50.7%) reported having ever been tested for HIV, of whom 97.9% received HIV test results, and 61.6% received counseling after the test. Conclusions The results of this study show that the prevalence of HIV infection among migrants is greater than that among the general population (less than 0.1% in the general population) and that some challenges remain, such as stigmatizing attitudes, suboptimal understanding of HIV prevention, and substandard access to post-test counseling. Based on these findings, it is crucial to highlight the importance of strengthening HIV prevention efforts among migrants and addressing the social, behavioral and environmental factors that contribute to the spread of HIV.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-025-02461-yHIV/AIDSMigrationMoroccoRespondent-driven samplingSub-Saharan Africa
spellingShingle Abdelkader Yacoubi
Oumnia Bouaddi
Ibtissam Khoudri
Houssine El Rhilani
Amina Elkettani
Aasma Chaoui
Noha El Ouafi
Naima Abda
Mohamed Khalis
HIV/AIDS among migrants in Morocco: a cross-sectional biobehavioral study
International Journal for Equity in Health
HIV/AIDS
Migration
Morocco
Respondent-driven sampling
Sub-Saharan Africa
title HIV/AIDS among migrants in Morocco: a cross-sectional biobehavioral study
title_full HIV/AIDS among migrants in Morocco: a cross-sectional biobehavioral study
title_fullStr HIV/AIDS among migrants in Morocco: a cross-sectional biobehavioral study
title_full_unstemmed HIV/AIDS among migrants in Morocco: a cross-sectional biobehavioral study
title_short HIV/AIDS among migrants in Morocco: a cross-sectional biobehavioral study
title_sort hiv aids among migrants in morocco a cross sectional biobehavioral study
topic HIV/AIDS
Migration
Morocco
Respondent-driven sampling
Sub-Saharan Africa
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-025-02461-y
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