Energy-Based Methods and Nanocarrier-Based Approaches for Melasma Treatment

Purpose: Melasma is a persistent skin condition caused by excessive melanin production, particularly affecting women’s quality of life. It can result from various factors like sun exposure, genetics, hormones, medications, or inflammation. Effective melasma treatment requires products that can deepl...

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Main Authors: Amiremad Kheirieh, Amirhessam Kheirieh, Zahra Mahdavi, Ali Mohammad Halvani, Amir Mohammad Bagheri, Hooriyeh Nassirli, Shiva Golmohammadzadeh, Bizhan Malaekeh-Nikouei
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Tabriz University of Medical Sciences 2024-12-01
Series:Advanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin
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Online Access:https://apb.tbzmed.ac.ir/PDF/apb-14-759.pdf
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author Amiremad Kheirieh
Amirhessam Kheirieh
Zahra Mahdavi
Ali Mohammad Halvani
Amir Mohammad Bagheri
Hooriyeh Nassirli
Shiva Golmohammadzadeh
Bizhan Malaekeh-Nikouei
author_facet Amiremad Kheirieh
Amirhessam Kheirieh
Zahra Mahdavi
Ali Mohammad Halvani
Amir Mohammad Bagheri
Hooriyeh Nassirli
Shiva Golmohammadzadeh
Bizhan Malaekeh-Nikouei
author_sort Amiremad Kheirieh
collection DOAJ
description Purpose: Melasma is a persistent skin condition caused by excessive melanin production, particularly affecting women’s quality of life. It can result from various factors like sun exposure, genetics, hormones, medications, or inflammation. Effective melasma treatment requires products that can deeply penetrate the skin. The outermost skin layer, known as the stratum corneum (SC), plays a crucial role in delivering topical and transdermal drugs. Researchers have developed numerous strategies to enhance skin permeability and drug efficacy. Methods: This review delves into energy-based techniques and nanocarrier systems for treating melasma, specifically focusing on improving drug delivery to the viable epidermis (EP) while overcoming the SC barrier. Results: Physical methods offer benefits such as enhanced skin penetration but come with drawbacks like frequent visits, high costs, and the need for specialized equipment and skilled operators. Microneedle patches are gaining attention as a convenient physical treatment option for delivering multiple medications effectively, offering targeted delivery and minimal side effects. Nanocarrier systems like transferosomes demonstrate promise in enhancing skin penetration for treating melasma and skin hyperpigmentation. While they offer advantages such as high drug entrapment and improved bioavailability, challenges like stability issues and scalability hinder their widespread adoption. Conclusion: Energy-based techniques enhance drug penetration but can lead to scarring and burns, while dissolvable micro-needles offer a convenient and effective alternative. Nano-drug carriers, like nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) and transferosomes, show promise for improved skin drug delivery with their flexible structures and enhanced penetration capabilities, yet further clinical research is needed for definitive conclusions
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publisher Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
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spelling doaj-art-9b921ac0d160486c84f9cc0dcfcaed3d2025-08-20T03:02:02ZengTabriz University of Medical SciencesAdvanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin2228-58812251-73082024-12-0114475979310.34172/apb.42794apb-42794Energy-Based Methods and Nanocarrier-Based Approaches for Melasma TreatmentAmiremad Kheirieh0Amirhessam Kheirieh1Zahra Mahdavi2Ali Mohammad Halvani3Amir Mohammad Bagheri4Hooriyeh Nassirli5Shiva Golmohammadzadeh6Bizhan Malaekeh-Nikouei7Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.Clinical Research Development Unit, Bahar Hospital, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.Student Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.Student Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.Purpose: Melasma is a persistent skin condition caused by excessive melanin production, particularly affecting women’s quality of life. It can result from various factors like sun exposure, genetics, hormones, medications, or inflammation. Effective melasma treatment requires products that can deeply penetrate the skin. The outermost skin layer, known as the stratum corneum (SC), plays a crucial role in delivering topical and transdermal drugs. Researchers have developed numerous strategies to enhance skin permeability and drug efficacy. Methods: This review delves into energy-based techniques and nanocarrier systems for treating melasma, specifically focusing on improving drug delivery to the viable epidermis (EP) while overcoming the SC barrier. Results: Physical methods offer benefits such as enhanced skin penetration but come with drawbacks like frequent visits, high costs, and the need for specialized equipment and skilled operators. Microneedle patches are gaining attention as a convenient physical treatment option for delivering multiple medications effectively, offering targeted delivery and minimal side effects. Nanocarrier systems like transferosomes demonstrate promise in enhancing skin penetration for treating melasma and skin hyperpigmentation. While they offer advantages such as high drug entrapment and improved bioavailability, challenges like stability issues and scalability hinder their widespread adoption. Conclusion: Energy-based techniques enhance drug penetration but can lead to scarring and burns, while dissolvable micro-needles offer a convenient and effective alternative. Nano-drug carriers, like nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) and transferosomes, show promise for improved skin drug delivery with their flexible structures and enhanced penetration capabilities, yet further clinical research is needed for definitive conclusionshttps://apb.tbzmed.ac.ir/PDF/apb-14-759.pdfmelasmahyperpigmentationenergy-based methodsnanocarriers
spellingShingle Amiremad Kheirieh
Amirhessam Kheirieh
Zahra Mahdavi
Ali Mohammad Halvani
Amir Mohammad Bagheri
Hooriyeh Nassirli
Shiva Golmohammadzadeh
Bizhan Malaekeh-Nikouei
Energy-Based Methods and Nanocarrier-Based Approaches for Melasma Treatment
Advanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin
melasma
hyperpigmentation
energy-based methods
nanocarriers
title Energy-Based Methods and Nanocarrier-Based Approaches for Melasma Treatment
title_full Energy-Based Methods and Nanocarrier-Based Approaches for Melasma Treatment
title_fullStr Energy-Based Methods and Nanocarrier-Based Approaches for Melasma Treatment
title_full_unstemmed Energy-Based Methods and Nanocarrier-Based Approaches for Melasma Treatment
title_short Energy-Based Methods and Nanocarrier-Based Approaches for Melasma Treatment
title_sort energy based methods and nanocarrier based approaches for melasma treatment
topic melasma
hyperpigmentation
energy-based methods
nanocarriers
url https://apb.tbzmed.ac.ir/PDF/apb-14-759.pdf
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