Characterization of bacterial communities of ewe’s vaginal tract and its potential impact on reproductive efficiency

Abstract The success rate of artificial insemination in sheep remains suboptimal, which has led to an emerging interest in the impact of the reproductive tract microbiome on this process. This research aims to identify the ewes’ vaginal core bacterial community, examine the factors influencing bacte...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: E. L. Reinoso-Peláez, F. Puente-Sánchez, M. Serrano, J. H. Calvo, M. Ramón, M. Saura
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-05-01
Series:Animal Microbiome
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s42523-025-00383-2
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850154708929347584
author E. L. Reinoso-Peláez
F. Puente-Sánchez
M. Serrano
J. H. Calvo
M. Ramón
M. Saura
author_facet E. L. Reinoso-Peláez
F. Puente-Sánchez
M. Serrano
J. H. Calvo
M. Ramón
M. Saura
author_sort E. L. Reinoso-Peláez
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The success rate of artificial insemination in sheep remains suboptimal, which has led to an emerging interest in the impact of the reproductive tract microbiome on this process. This research aims to identify the ewes’ vaginal core bacterial community, examine the factors influencing bacterial composition, and to determine the association between vaginal bacteria and pregnancy success. By using a robust dataset comprising 331 multiparous ewes from three Spanish breeds (Latxa, Manchega, Rasa Aragonesa) across four herds, this study performed the sequencing of the hypervariable regions V3-V4 of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene and the identification of Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASV) to analyze the bacterial community. Our analysis revealed a core bacterial primarily consisting of the genera Streptobacillus, Histophilus, Fusobacterium, Oceanivirga, and Parvimonas. Alpha and beta diversity, as well as Random Forest analysis, identified that herd and breed were the main drivers of bacterial variability. PERMANOVA analysis also showed significant differences in bacterial composition and abundance associated with pregnancy outcomes. Notably, specific ASVs associated with Fusobacterium, Leptotrichia, Histophilus, Escherichia, and Bacteroides were predominantly found in non-pregnant ewes, while genera such as Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, and Brevundimonas were more abundant in pregnant ewes. This study contributes to the knowledge about the critical roles of specific bacteria in determining reproductive success in sheep and provides novel insights about the importance of different factors involved in the composition of ewes’ vaginal bacterial communities.
format Article
id doaj-art-9b7c2fe0cb264a9d9d68a80c1af0b34a
institution OA Journals
issn 2524-4671
language English
publishDate 2025-05-01
publisher BMC
record_format Article
series Animal Microbiome
spelling doaj-art-9b7c2fe0cb264a9d9d68a80c1af0b34a2025-08-20T02:25:13ZengBMCAnimal Microbiome2524-46712025-05-017111410.1186/s42523-025-00383-2Characterization of bacterial communities of ewe’s vaginal tract and its potential impact on reproductive efficiencyE. L. Reinoso-Peláez0F. Puente-Sánchez1M. Serrano2J. H. Calvo3M. Ramón4M. Saura5Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CSIC)Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesInstituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CSIC)ARAID-Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA)-IA2Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CSIC)Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC)Abstract The success rate of artificial insemination in sheep remains suboptimal, which has led to an emerging interest in the impact of the reproductive tract microbiome on this process. This research aims to identify the ewes’ vaginal core bacterial community, examine the factors influencing bacterial composition, and to determine the association between vaginal bacteria and pregnancy success. By using a robust dataset comprising 331 multiparous ewes from three Spanish breeds (Latxa, Manchega, Rasa Aragonesa) across four herds, this study performed the sequencing of the hypervariable regions V3-V4 of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene and the identification of Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASV) to analyze the bacterial community. Our analysis revealed a core bacterial primarily consisting of the genera Streptobacillus, Histophilus, Fusobacterium, Oceanivirga, and Parvimonas. Alpha and beta diversity, as well as Random Forest analysis, identified that herd and breed were the main drivers of bacterial variability. PERMANOVA analysis also showed significant differences in bacterial composition and abundance associated with pregnancy outcomes. Notably, specific ASVs associated with Fusobacterium, Leptotrichia, Histophilus, Escherichia, and Bacteroides were predominantly found in non-pregnant ewes, while genera such as Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, and Brevundimonas were more abundant in pregnant ewes. This study contributes to the knowledge about the critical roles of specific bacteria in determining reproductive success in sheep and provides novel insights about the importance of different factors involved in the composition of ewes’ vaginal bacterial communities.https://doi.org/10.1186/s42523-025-00383-2Artificial inseminationBacterial communitiesFertilityOvineReproductive successVaginal microbiota
spellingShingle E. L. Reinoso-Peláez
F. Puente-Sánchez
M. Serrano
J. H. Calvo
M. Ramón
M. Saura
Characterization of bacterial communities of ewe’s vaginal tract and its potential impact on reproductive efficiency
Animal Microbiome
Artificial insemination
Bacterial communities
Fertility
Ovine
Reproductive success
Vaginal microbiota
title Characterization of bacterial communities of ewe’s vaginal tract and its potential impact on reproductive efficiency
title_full Characterization of bacterial communities of ewe’s vaginal tract and its potential impact on reproductive efficiency
title_fullStr Characterization of bacterial communities of ewe’s vaginal tract and its potential impact on reproductive efficiency
title_full_unstemmed Characterization of bacterial communities of ewe’s vaginal tract and its potential impact on reproductive efficiency
title_short Characterization of bacterial communities of ewe’s vaginal tract and its potential impact on reproductive efficiency
title_sort characterization of bacterial communities of ewe s vaginal tract and its potential impact on reproductive efficiency
topic Artificial insemination
Bacterial communities
Fertility
Ovine
Reproductive success
Vaginal microbiota
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s42523-025-00383-2
work_keys_str_mv AT elreinosopelaez characterizationofbacterialcommunitiesofewesvaginaltractanditspotentialimpactonreproductiveefficiency
AT fpuentesanchez characterizationofbacterialcommunitiesofewesvaginaltractanditspotentialimpactonreproductiveefficiency
AT mserrano characterizationofbacterialcommunitiesofewesvaginaltractanditspotentialimpactonreproductiveefficiency
AT jhcalvo characterizationofbacterialcommunitiesofewesvaginaltractanditspotentialimpactonreproductiveefficiency
AT mramon characterizationofbacterialcommunitiesofewesvaginaltractanditspotentialimpactonreproductiveefficiency
AT msaura characterizationofbacterialcommunitiesofewesvaginaltractanditspotentialimpactonreproductiveefficiency