Sex Differences on the Pharmacokinetics of Drugs for Children with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Narrative Review

Effective optimal pharmacotherapy requires a comprehensive understanding of the drug’s pharmacokinetic properties. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) influences medication pharmacokinetics. However, whether sex differences exist in the pharmacokinetics of drugs for children with CKD is unknown. The primar...

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Main Authors: Toktam Faghihi, Farahnak Assadi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Tabriz University of Medical Sciences 2024-10-01
Series:Advanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin
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Online Access:https://apb.tbzmed.ac.ir/PDF/apb-14-537.pdf
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author Toktam Faghihi
Farahnak Assadi
author_facet Toktam Faghihi
Farahnak Assadi
author_sort Toktam Faghihi
collection DOAJ
description Effective optimal pharmacotherapy requires a comprehensive understanding of the drug’s pharmacokinetic properties. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) influences medication pharmacokinetics. However, whether sex differences exist in the pharmacokinetics of drugs for children with CKD is unknown. The primary aim of this article was to evaluate the effect of sex on pharmacokinetics of drugs commonly used for CKD treatment in children. Secondary outcome was to address the impact of sex in CKD disease progression. Electronic databases, PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and Web of Science were searched from inception, using Mesh terms in English for sex differences in the pharmacokinetics of drugs in children with CKD. No studies have documented sex-related differences in the pharmacokinetics of drugs for the treatment of CKD in children. As a consequence, it is difficult to predict the effect of sex on pharmacokinetics by extrapolating data from adult studies to children. Evidence to date suggests that girls generally have a higher prevalence and disease progression of CKD when compared to boys regardless of age. Understanding the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs provides practical consideration for dosing optimal medication regimens. Future kinetic studies are needed evaluating the effect of sex on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs in children with CKD.
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spelling doaj-art-9b752d2be99b4a5090793d7b4e91df5d2025-08-20T03:11:26ZengTabriz University of Medical SciencesAdvanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin2228-58812251-73082024-10-0114353754210.34172/apb.2024.056apb-42867Sex Differences on the Pharmacokinetics of Drugs for Children with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Narrative ReviewToktam Faghihi0Farahnak Assadi1Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, and Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois USA.Effective optimal pharmacotherapy requires a comprehensive understanding of the drug’s pharmacokinetic properties. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) influences medication pharmacokinetics. However, whether sex differences exist in the pharmacokinetics of drugs for children with CKD is unknown. The primary aim of this article was to evaluate the effect of sex on pharmacokinetics of drugs commonly used for CKD treatment in children. Secondary outcome was to address the impact of sex in CKD disease progression. Electronic databases, PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and Web of Science were searched from inception, using Mesh terms in English for sex differences in the pharmacokinetics of drugs in children with CKD. No studies have documented sex-related differences in the pharmacokinetics of drugs for the treatment of CKD in children. As a consequence, it is difficult to predict the effect of sex on pharmacokinetics by extrapolating data from adult studies to children. Evidence to date suggests that girls generally have a higher prevalence and disease progression of CKD when compared to boys regardless of age. Understanding the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs provides practical consideration for dosing optimal medication regimens. Future kinetic studies are needed evaluating the effect of sex on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs in children with CKD.https://apb.tbzmed.ac.ir/PDF/apb-14-537.pdfchildrenchronic kidney diseasepharmacotherapypharmacokineticssex differences
spellingShingle Toktam Faghihi
Farahnak Assadi
Sex Differences on the Pharmacokinetics of Drugs for Children with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Narrative Review
Advanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin
children
chronic kidney disease
pharmacotherapy
pharmacokinetics
sex differences
title Sex Differences on the Pharmacokinetics of Drugs for Children with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Narrative Review
title_full Sex Differences on the Pharmacokinetics of Drugs for Children with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Narrative Review
title_fullStr Sex Differences on the Pharmacokinetics of Drugs for Children with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Narrative Review
title_full_unstemmed Sex Differences on the Pharmacokinetics of Drugs for Children with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Narrative Review
title_short Sex Differences on the Pharmacokinetics of Drugs for Children with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Narrative Review
title_sort sex differences on the pharmacokinetics of drugs for children with chronic kidney disease a narrative review
topic children
chronic kidney disease
pharmacotherapy
pharmacokinetics
sex differences
url https://apb.tbzmed.ac.ir/PDF/apb-14-537.pdf
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