Harnessing tomato-derived small extracellular vesicles as drug delivery system for cancer therapy
Aim This study aims to explore a sustainable and scalable approach using tomato fruit-derived sEVs (TsEVs) to deliver calcitriol for enhanced anticancer effects, addressing challenges of low yield and high costs associated with mammalian cell-derived sEVs.Methods TsEVs were isolated by centrifugatio...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Taylor & Francis Group
2025-12-01
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| Series: | Future Science OA |
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| Online Access: | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/20565623.2025.2461956 |
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| author | Kartik Kumar Sarwareddy Anula Divyash Singh Sreekanth Patnam Babiola Annes Sesuraj spd Ponamgi Basant Kumar Thakur Venkata Sasidhar Manda |
| author_facet | Kartik Kumar Sarwareddy Anula Divyash Singh Sreekanth Patnam Babiola Annes Sesuraj spd Ponamgi Basant Kumar Thakur Venkata Sasidhar Manda |
| author_sort | Kartik Kumar Sarwareddy |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Aim This study aims to explore a sustainable and scalable approach using tomato fruit-derived sEVs (TsEVs) to deliver calcitriol for enhanced anticancer effects, addressing challenges of low yield and high costs associated with mammalian cell-derived sEVs.Methods TsEVs were isolated by centrifugation and ultrafiltration and characterized using DLS, TEM, and biochemical assays. Calcitriol was loaded into TsEVs via loading methods, with efficiency measured by spectrophotometry and HPLC. HCT116 and HT29 colon cancer cells were treated with TsEV-calcitriol and assessed for viability, colony formation, migration, ROS levels, and apoptosis gene expression.Results Isolated TsEVs ranged from 30–200 nm with a protein-to-lipid ratio of ∼1. Calcitriol encapsulation efficiencies were 15.4% (passive), 34.8% (freeze-thaw), and 47.3% (sonication). TsEV-calcitriol reduced HCT116 cell viability with IC50 values of 4.05 µg/ml (24 h) and 2.07 µg/ml (48 h). Clonogenic assays showed reduced colony formation and migration. Elevated ROS levels and increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio were observed in treated HCT116 and HT29 colon cancer cellsConclusion These findings highlight TsEVs as a promising alternative drug delivery platform to mammalian cell-derived sEV for enhancing the therapeutic efficiency of calcitriol and other anticancer agents. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-9b73c977cfbf4aeead2849a1c4c3528c |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2056-5623 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-12-01 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Future Science OA |
| spelling | doaj-art-9b73c977cfbf4aeead2849a1c4c3528c2025-08-20T01:56:42ZengTaylor & Francis GroupFuture Science OA2056-56232025-12-0111110.1080/20565623.2025.2461956Harnessing tomato-derived small extracellular vesicles as drug delivery system for cancer therapyKartik Kumar Sarwareddy0Anula Divyash Singh1Sreekanth Patnam2Babiola Annes Sesuraj3spd Ponamgi4Basant Kumar Thakur5Venkata Sasidhar Manda6Apollo Hospitals Educational and Research Foundation (AHERF), Apollo Hospitals, Hyderabad, IndiaApollo Hospitals Educational and Research Foundation (AHERF), Apollo Hospitals, Hyderabad, IndiaApollo Hospitals Educational and Research Foundation (AHERF), Apollo Hospitals, Hyderabad, IndiaSchool of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, IndiaDepartment of Biotechnology, AU College of Science and Technology, Andhra University, IndiaDepartment of Pediatrics III, University Hospital Essen, Essen, GermanyApollo Hospitals Educational and Research Foundation (AHERF), Apollo Hospitals, Hyderabad, IndiaAim This study aims to explore a sustainable and scalable approach using tomato fruit-derived sEVs (TsEVs) to deliver calcitriol for enhanced anticancer effects, addressing challenges of low yield and high costs associated with mammalian cell-derived sEVs.Methods TsEVs were isolated by centrifugation and ultrafiltration and characterized using DLS, TEM, and biochemical assays. Calcitriol was loaded into TsEVs via loading methods, with efficiency measured by spectrophotometry and HPLC. HCT116 and HT29 colon cancer cells were treated with TsEV-calcitriol and assessed for viability, colony formation, migration, ROS levels, and apoptosis gene expression.Results Isolated TsEVs ranged from 30–200 nm with a protein-to-lipid ratio of ∼1. Calcitriol encapsulation efficiencies were 15.4% (passive), 34.8% (freeze-thaw), and 47.3% (sonication). TsEV-calcitriol reduced HCT116 cell viability with IC50 values of 4.05 µg/ml (24 h) and 2.07 µg/ml (48 h). Clonogenic assays showed reduced colony formation and migration. Elevated ROS levels and increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio were observed in treated HCT116 and HT29 colon cancer cellsConclusion These findings highlight TsEVs as a promising alternative drug delivery platform to mammalian cell-derived sEV for enhancing the therapeutic efficiency of calcitriol and other anticancer agents.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/20565623.2025.2461956Plant exosomesvitamin Dcalcitrioldrug deliverycell deathcancer therapy |
| spellingShingle | Kartik Kumar Sarwareddy Anula Divyash Singh Sreekanth Patnam Babiola Annes Sesuraj spd Ponamgi Basant Kumar Thakur Venkata Sasidhar Manda Harnessing tomato-derived small extracellular vesicles as drug delivery system for cancer therapy Future Science OA Plant exosomes vitamin D calcitriol drug delivery cell death cancer therapy |
| title | Harnessing tomato-derived small extracellular vesicles as drug delivery system for cancer therapy |
| title_full | Harnessing tomato-derived small extracellular vesicles as drug delivery system for cancer therapy |
| title_fullStr | Harnessing tomato-derived small extracellular vesicles as drug delivery system for cancer therapy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Harnessing tomato-derived small extracellular vesicles as drug delivery system for cancer therapy |
| title_short | Harnessing tomato-derived small extracellular vesicles as drug delivery system for cancer therapy |
| title_sort | harnessing tomato derived small extracellular vesicles as drug delivery system for cancer therapy |
| topic | Plant exosomes vitamin D calcitriol drug delivery cell death cancer therapy |
| url | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/20565623.2025.2461956 |
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