Microphysical Characteristics of Precipitation for Four Types of Typical Weather Systems on Hainan Island

The microphysical characteristics of precipitation and their differences among four typical weather systems over Hainan Island were investigated via multi-source observations from 2019 to 2023. We find that the cold fronts (CFs) have the greatest concentration of small raindrops, with a more substan...

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Main Authors: Wupeng Xiao, Yun Zhang, Hepeng Zheng, Zuhang Wu, Yanqiong Xie, Yanbin Huang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-11-01
Series:Remote Sensing
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/22/4144
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author Wupeng Xiao
Yun Zhang
Hepeng Zheng
Zuhang Wu
Yanqiong Xie
Yanbin Huang
author_facet Wupeng Xiao
Yun Zhang
Hepeng Zheng
Zuhang Wu
Yanqiong Xie
Yanbin Huang
author_sort Wupeng Xiao
collection DOAJ
description The microphysical characteristics of precipitation and their differences among four typical weather systems over Hainan Island were investigated via multi-source observations from 2019 to 2023. We find that the cold fronts (CFs) have the greatest concentration of small raindrops, with a more substantial raindrop condensation process. The subtropical highs (SHs), with primarily deep convection and more prominent evaporation at low levels, lead to greater medium-to-large raindrops (diameters > 1 mm). Tropical cyclones (TCs) are characterized mainly by raindrop condensation and breakup, resulting in high concentrations of small raindrops and low concentrations of large raindrops. The trough of low pressures (TLPs) produces the lowest concentration of small raindrops because of evaporation processes. The convective clusters of the SHs are between maritime-like and continental-like convective clusters, and those of the other three types of weather systems are closer to maritime-like convective clusters. The relationships between the shape parameter (<i>μ</i>) and the slope parameter (Λ), as well as between the reflectivity factors (<i>Z</i>) and the rain rates (<i>R</i>), were established for the four weather systems. These results could improve the accuracy of radar quantitative precipitation estimation and the microphysical parameterizations of numerical models for Hainan Island.
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spelling doaj-art-9b5dd2eb0b8f435a89da0100ce01b1152025-08-20T01:54:08ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922024-11-011622414410.3390/rs16224144Microphysical Characteristics of Precipitation for Four Types of Typical Weather Systems on Hainan IslandWupeng Xiao0Yun Zhang1Hepeng Zheng2Zuhang Wu3Yanqiong Xie4Yanbin Huang5College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, ChinaCollege of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, ChinaCollege of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, ChinaCollege of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, ChinaCollege of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, ChinaHainan Institute of Meteorological Science, Haikou 570100, ChinaThe microphysical characteristics of precipitation and their differences among four typical weather systems over Hainan Island were investigated via multi-source observations from 2019 to 2023. We find that the cold fronts (CFs) have the greatest concentration of small raindrops, with a more substantial raindrop condensation process. The subtropical highs (SHs), with primarily deep convection and more prominent evaporation at low levels, lead to greater medium-to-large raindrops (diameters > 1 mm). Tropical cyclones (TCs) are characterized mainly by raindrop condensation and breakup, resulting in high concentrations of small raindrops and low concentrations of large raindrops. The trough of low pressures (TLPs) produces the lowest concentration of small raindrops because of evaporation processes. The convective clusters of the SHs are between maritime-like and continental-like convective clusters, and those of the other three types of weather systems are closer to maritime-like convective clusters. The relationships between the shape parameter (<i>μ</i>) and the slope parameter (Λ), as well as between the reflectivity factors (<i>Z</i>) and the rain rates (<i>R</i>), were established for the four weather systems. These results could improve the accuracy of radar quantitative precipitation estimation and the microphysical parameterizations of numerical models for Hainan Island.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/22/4144raindrop size distribution (DSD)weather systemsprecipitation microphysicsHainan Island
spellingShingle Wupeng Xiao
Yun Zhang
Hepeng Zheng
Zuhang Wu
Yanqiong Xie
Yanbin Huang
Microphysical Characteristics of Precipitation for Four Types of Typical Weather Systems on Hainan Island
Remote Sensing
raindrop size distribution (DSD)
weather systems
precipitation microphysics
Hainan Island
title Microphysical Characteristics of Precipitation for Four Types of Typical Weather Systems on Hainan Island
title_full Microphysical Characteristics of Precipitation for Four Types of Typical Weather Systems on Hainan Island
title_fullStr Microphysical Characteristics of Precipitation for Four Types of Typical Weather Systems on Hainan Island
title_full_unstemmed Microphysical Characteristics of Precipitation for Four Types of Typical Weather Systems on Hainan Island
title_short Microphysical Characteristics of Precipitation for Four Types of Typical Weather Systems on Hainan Island
title_sort microphysical characteristics of precipitation for four types of typical weather systems on hainan island
topic raindrop size distribution (DSD)
weather systems
precipitation microphysics
Hainan Island
url https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/22/4144
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AT hepengzheng microphysicalcharacteristicsofprecipitationforfourtypesoftypicalweathersystemsonhainanisland
AT zuhangwu microphysicalcharacteristicsofprecipitationforfourtypesoftypicalweathersystemsonhainanisland
AT yanqiongxie microphysicalcharacteristicsofprecipitationforfourtypesoftypicalweathersystemsonhainanisland
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