Blood essential trace elements and Alzheimer’s disease biomarkers in midlife

BackgroundAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline, impacting millions globally. Essential trace elements are implicated in key age-related physiologic processes but have not been fully examined with respect to AD etiology. This study in...

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Main Authors: Xin Wang, Kelly M. Bakulski, Carrie A. Karvonen-Gutierrez, Sung Kyun Park, David Morgan, Brian P. Jackson, Roger L. Albin, Henry L. Paulson
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-05-01
Series:Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnagi.2025.1539749/full
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author Xin Wang
Kelly M. Bakulski
Kelly M. Bakulski
Carrie A. Karvonen-Gutierrez
Sung Kyun Park
Sung Kyun Park
David Morgan
Brian P. Jackson
Roger L. Albin
Roger L. Albin
Roger L. Albin
Henry L. Paulson
Henry L. Paulson
author_facet Xin Wang
Kelly M. Bakulski
Kelly M. Bakulski
Carrie A. Karvonen-Gutierrez
Sung Kyun Park
Sung Kyun Park
David Morgan
Brian P. Jackson
Roger L. Albin
Roger L. Albin
Roger L. Albin
Henry L. Paulson
Henry L. Paulson
author_sort Xin Wang
collection DOAJ
description BackgroundAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline, impacting millions globally. Essential trace elements are implicated in key age-related physiologic processes but have not been fully examined with respect to AD etiology. This study investigates associations between serum levels of essential trace elements (manganese, iron, cobalt, copper, zinc, selenium, and molybdenum) and AD biomarkers (Aβ42, Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio, p-tau181, and total tau) in midlife women.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 194 midlife women (median age = 53.3 years) from the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation, Michigan site. Serum levels of trace elements were measured using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, and AD biomarkers were quantified using single molecule array assays. Multivariable linear regression models assessed potential associations and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) was used to account for complex co-exposures and non-linear relationships.ResultsIn the multivariable linear regression models, a doubling of serum molybdenum level was associated with 9.4% higher Aβ42/40 ratio (95% CI: 0.8, 18.6%; p = 0.03), and a doubling of serum cobalt level with 17.5% higher p-tau181 level (95% CI: 3.1, 33.8%; p = 0.02). Copper showed an inverse association with the Aβ42/40 ratio, while zinc was positively associated with the Aβ42/40 ratio, though these associations were marginally significant. BKMR analysis confirmed these associations.ConclusionThis study identified statistically significant associations of serum molybdenum and cobalt levels with AD biomarkers, suggesting a potential protective effect of molybdenum against Aβ aggregation and exacerbation of pathologic tau phosphorylation by cobalt. These findings underscore the need for further longitudinal studies to explore the role of essential trace elements in AD pathogenesis.
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spelling doaj-art-9b537638130c4ab886d99c68d7e52ad72025-08-20T03:12:38ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience1663-43652025-05-011710.3389/fnagi.2025.15397491539749Blood essential trace elements and Alzheimer’s disease biomarkers in midlifeXin Wang0Kelly M. Bakulski1Kelly M. Bakulski2Carrie A. Karvonen-Gutierrez3Sung Kyun Park4Sung Kyun Park5David Morgan6Brian P. Jackson7Roger L. Albin8Roger L. Albin9Roger L. Albin10Henry L. Paulson11Henry L. Paulson12Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United StatesDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United StatesMichigan Alzheimer’s Disease Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United StatesDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United StatesDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United StatesDepartment of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United StatesDepartment of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids Research Center, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, United StatesTrace Element Analysis Laboratory, Earth Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United StatesMichigan Alzheimer’s Disease Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United StatesDepartment of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United StatesNeurology Service & GRECC, VAAAHS, Ann Arbor, MI, United StatesMichigan Alzheimer’s Disease Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United StatesDepartment of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United StatesBackgroundAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline, impacting millions globally. Essential trace elements are implicated in key age-related physiologic processes but have not been fully examined with respect to AD etiology. This study investigates associations between serum levels of essential trace elements (manganese, iron, cobalt, copper, zinc, selenium, and molybdenum) and AD biomarkers (Aβ42, Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio, p-tau181, and total tau) in midlife women.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 194 midlife women (median age = 53.3 years) from the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation, Michigan site. Serum levels of trace elements were measured using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, and AD biomarkers were quantified using single molecule array assays. Multivariable linear regression models assessed potential associations and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) was used to account for complex co-exposures and non-linear relationships.ResultsIn the multivariable linear regression models, a doubling of serum molybdenum level was associated with 9.4% higher Aβ42/40 ratio (95% CI: 0.8, 18.6%; p = 0.03), and a doubling of serum cobalt level with 17.5% higher p-tau181 level (95% CI: 3.1, 33.8%; p = 0.02). Copper showed an inverse association with the Aβ42/40 ratio, while zinc was positively associated with the Aβ42/40 ratio, though these associations were marginally significant. BKMR analysis confirmed these associations.ConclusionThis study identified statistically significant associations of serum molybdenum and cobalt levels with AD biomarkers, suggesting a potential protective effect of molybdenum against Aβ aggregation and exacerbation of pathologic tau phosphorylation by cobalt. These findings underscore the need for further longitudinal studies to explore the role of essential trace elements in AD pathogenesis.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnagi.2025.1539749/fullAlzheimer’s diseaseamyloid-betatautrace elementsbiomarkers
spellingShingle Xin Wang
Kelly M. Bakulski
Kelly M. Bakulski
Carrie A. Karvonen-Gutierrez
Sung Kyun Park
Sung Kyun Park
David Morgan
Brian P. Jackson
Roger L. Albin
Roger L. Albin
Roger L. Albin
Henry L. Paulson
Henry L. Paulson
Blood essential trace elements and Alzheimer’s disease biomarkers in midlife
Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience
Alzheimer’s disease
amyloid-beta
tau
trace elements
biomarkers
title Blood essential trace elements and Alzheimer’s disease biomarkers in midlife
title_full Blood essential trace elements and Alzheimer’s disease biomarkers in midlife
title_fullStr Blood essential trace elements and Alzheimer’s disease biomarkers in midlife
title_full_unstemmed Blood essential trace elements and Alzheimer’s disease biomarkers in midlife
title_short Blood essential trace elements and Alzheimer’s disease biomarkers in midlife
title_sort blood essential trace elements and alzheimer s disease biomarkers in midlife
topic Alzheimer’s disease
amyloid-beta
tau
trace elements
biomarkers
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnagi.2025.1539749/full
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