Interactions Between Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Cattle: Aspects of Pathogenesis and Immunity

Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) is a major respiratory pathogen in cattle and is relevant to the livestock industry worldwide. BRSV is most severe in young calves and is often associated with stressful management events. The disease is responsible for economic losses due to lower productiv...

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Main Authors: Lariane da Silva Barcelos, Alexandra K. Ford, Matheus Iuri Frühauf, Nadalin Yandra Botton, Geferson Fischer, Mayara Fernanda Maggioli
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-11-01
Series:Viruses
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/16/11/1753
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author Lariane da Silva Barcelos
Alexandra K. Ford
Matheus Iuri Frühauf
Nadalin Yandra Botton
Geferson Fischer
Mayara Fernanda Maggioli
author_facet Lariane da Silva Barcelos
Alexandra K. Ford
Matheus Iuri Frühauf
Nadalin Yandra Botton
Geferson Fischer
Mayara Fernanda Maggioli
author_sort Lariane da Silva Barcelos
collection DOAJ
description Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) is a major respiratory pathogen in cattle and is relevant to the livestock industry worldwide. BRSV is most severe in young calves and is often associated with stressful management events. The disease is responsible for economic losses due to lower productivity, morbidity, mortality, and prevention and treatment costs. As members of the same genus, bovine and human RSV share a high degree of homology and are similar in terms of their genomes, transmission, clinical signs, and epidemiology. This overlap presents an opportunity for One Health approaches and translational studies, with dual benefits; however, there is still a relative lack of studies focused on BRSV, and the continued search for improved prophylaxis highlights the need for a deeper understanding of its immunological features. BRSV employs different host-immunity-escaping mechanisms that interfere with effective long-term memory responses to current vaccines and natural infections. This review presents an updated description of BRSV’s immunity processes, such as the PRRs and signaling pathways involved in BRSV infection, aspects of its pathogeny, and the evading mechanisms developed by the virus to thwart the immune response.
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spelling doaj-art-9b5088e1b7e34b4ca78af79bbd3f3b3d2025-08-20T01:54:08ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152024-11-011611175310.3390/v16111753Interactions Between Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Cattle: Aspects of Pathogenesis and ImmunityLariane da Silva Barcelos0Alexandra K. Ford1Matheus Iuri Frühauf2Nadalin Yandra Botton3Geferson Fischer4Mayara Fernanda Maggioli5Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USADepartment of Veterinary Pathobiology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USALaboratory of Virology and Immunology, Veterinary College, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Capão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul 96010, BrazilLaboratory of Virology and Immunology, Veterinary College, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Capão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul 96010, BrazilLaboratory of Virology and Immunology, Veterinary College, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Capão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul 96010, BrazilDepartment of Veterinary Pathobiology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USABovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) is a major respiratory pathogen in cattle and is relevant to the livestock industry worldwide. BRSV is most severe in young calves and is often associated with stressful management events. The disease is responsible for economic losses due to lower productivity, morbidity, mortality, and prevention and treatment costs. As members of the same genus, bovine and human RSV share a high degree of homology and are similar in terms of their genomes, transmission, clinical signs, and epidemiology. This overlap presents an opportunity for One Health approaches and translational studies, with dual benefits; however, there is still a relative lack of studies focused on BRSV, and the continued search for improved prophylaxis highlights the need for a deeper understanding of its immunological features. BRSV employs different host-immunity-escaping mechanisms that interfere with effective long-term memory responses to current vaccines and natural infections. This review presents an updated description of BRSV’s immunity processes, such as the PRRs and signaling pathways involved in BRSV infection, aspects of its pathogeny, and the evading mechanisms developed by the virus to thwart the immune response.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/16/11/1753immunologyinnate immunitysignaling pathways
spellingShingle Lariane da Silva Barcelos
Alexandra K. Ford
Matheus Iuri Frühauf
Nadalin Yandra Botton
Geferson Fischer
Mayara Fernanda Maggioli
Interactions Between Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Cattle: Aspects of Pathogenesis and Immunity
Viruses
immunology
innate immunity
signaling pathways
title Interactions Between Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Cattle: Aspects of Pathogenesis and Immunity
title_full Interactions Between Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Cattle: Aspects of Pathogenesis and Immunity
title_fullStr Interactions Between Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Cattle: Aspects of Pathogenesis and Immunity
title_full_unstemmed Interactions Between Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Cattle: Aspects of Pathogenesis and Immunity
title_short Interactions Between Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Cattle: Aspects of Pathogenesis and Immunity
title_sort interactions between bovine respiratory syncytial virus and cattle aspects of pathogenesis and immunity
topic immunology
innate immunity
signaling pathways
url https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/16/11/1753
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