Effects of Different Biological Amendments on Rice Physiology, Yield, Quality, and Soil Microbial Community of Rice–Crab Co-Culture in Saline–Alkali Soil
The yield and quality of rice are influenced by soil conditions, and the soil issues in saline–alkaline land limit agricultural productivity. The saline–alkaline fields in the northern irrigation area of Yinchuan, Ningxia, China, face challenges such as low rice yield, poor quality, low fertilizer u...
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2025-03-01
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| author | Yang Guo Juncang Tian Zhi Wang |
| author_facet | Yang Guo Juncang Tian Zhi Wang |
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| description | The yield and quality of rice are influenced by soil conditions, and the soil issues in saline–alkaline land limit agricultural productivity. The saline–alkaline fields in the northern irrigation area of Yinchuan, Ningxia, China, face challenges such as low rice yield, poor quality, low fertilizer utilization efficiency, and soil salinity and alkalinity obstacles. To improve this situation, this study conducted experiments in 2022–2023 in the saline–alkaline rice–crab integrated fields of Tongbei Village, Tonggui Township, Yinchuan. This study employed a single-factor comparative design, applying 150 mL·hm<sup>−2</sup> of brassinolide (A1), 15 kg·hm<sup>−2</sup> of diatomaceous (A2), 30 kg·hm<sup>−2</sup> of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> agent (A3), and an untreated control (CK) to analyze the effects of different biological amendments on rice growth, photosynthesis, yield, quality, and microbial communities. The results indicated that, compared with CK, the A3 increased the SPAD value and net photosynthetic rate by 2.26% and 28.59%, respectively. Rice yield increased by 12.34%, water use efficiency (WUE) by 10.67%, and the palatability score by 2.82%, while amylose content decreased by 8.00%. The bacterial OTUs (Operational Taxonomic Units) and fungal OTUs increased by 2.18% and 22.39%, respectively. Under the condition of applying 30 kg·hm<sup>−2</sup> of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> agent (A3), rice showed superior growth, the highest yield (8804.4 kg·hm<sup>−2</sup>), and the highest microbial OTUs. These findings provide theoretical and technical support for utilizing biological remediation agents to achieve desalinization, yield enhancement, quality improvement, and efficiency in saline–alkali rice–crab co–culture paddies. |
| format | Article |
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| spelling | doaj-art-9b49365f72734c0bb7792dfceff57afd2025-08-20T03:40:42ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952025-03-0115364910.3390/agronomy15030649Effects of Different Biological Amendments on Rice Physiology, Yield, Quality, and Soil Microbial Community of Rice–Crab Co-Culture in Saline–Alkali SoilYang Guo0Juncang Tian1Zhi Wang2Institute of Civil Engineering and Water Conservancy Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, ChinaInstitute of Civil Engineering and Water Conservancy Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, ChinaDepartment of Earth and Environmental Sciences, California State University, Fresno, CA 93740, USAThe yield and quality of rice are influenced by soil conditions, and the soil issues in saline–alkaline land limit agricultural productivity. The saline–alkaline fields in the northern irrigation area of Yinchuan, Ningxia, China, face challenges such as low rice yield, poor quality, low fertilizer utilization efficiency, and soil salinity and alkalinity obstacles. To improve this situation, this study conducted experiments in 2022–2023 in the saline–alkaline rice–crab integrated fields of Tongbei Village, Tonggui Township, Yinchuan. This study employed a single-factor comparative design, applying 150 mL·hm<sup>−2</sup> of brassinolide (A1), 15 kg·hm<sup>−2</sup> of diatomaceous (A2), 30 kg·hm<sup>−2</sup> of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> agent (A3), and an untreated control (CK) to analyze the effects of different biological amendments on rice growth, photosynthesis, yield, quality, and microbial communities. The results indicated that, compared with CK, the A3 increased the SPAD value and net photosynthetic rate by 2.26% and 28.59%, respectively. Rice yield increased by 12.34%, water use efficiency (WUE) by 10.67%, and the palatability score by 2.82%, while amylose content decreased by 8.00%. The bacterial OTUs (Operational Taxonomic Units) and fungal OTUs increased by 2.18% and 22.39%, respectively. Under the condition of applying 30 kg·hm<sup>−2</sup> of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> agent (A3), rice showed superior growth, the highest yield (8804.4 kg·hm<sup>−2</sup>), and the highest microbial OTUs. These findings provide theoretical and technical support for utilizing biological remediation agents to achieve desalinization, yield enhancement, quality improvement, and efficiency in saline–alkali rice–crab co–culture paddies.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/15/3/649rice–crab co–culturesaline–alkali soil<i>Bacillus subtilis</i>biological amendmenthigh throughput sequencing |
| spellingShingle | Yang Guo Juncang Tian Zhi Wang Effects of Different Biological Amendments on Rice Physiology, Yield, Quality, and Soil Microbial Community of Rice–Crab Co-Culture in Saline–Alkali Soil Agronomy rice–crab co–culture saline–alkali soil <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> biological amendment high throughput sequencing |
| title | Effects of Different Biological Amendments on Rice Physiology, Yield, Quality, and Soil Microbial Community of Rice–Crab Co-Culture in Saline–Alkali Soil |
| title_full | Effects of Different Biological Amendments on Rice Physiology, Yield, Quality, and Soil Microbial Community of Rice–Crab Co-Culture in Saline–Alkali Soil |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Different Biological Amendments on Rice Physiology, Yield, Quality, and Soil Microbial Community of Rice–Crab Co-Culture in Saline–Alkali Soil |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Different Biological Amendments on Rice Physiology, Yield, Quality, and Soil Microbial Community of Rice–Crab Co-Culture in Saline–Alkali Soil |
| title_short | Effects of Different Biological Amendments on Rice Physiology, Yield, Quality, and Soil Microbial Community of Rice–Crab Co-Culture in Saline–Alkali Soil |
| title_sort | effects of different biological amendments on rice physiology yield quality and soil microbial community of rice crab co culture in saline alkali soil |
| topic | rice–crab co–culture saline–alkali soil <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> biological amendment high throughput sequencing |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/15/3/649 |
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