Eruptivity of Flaring Active Regions Based on Electric Current Neutralization and Torus Instability Analysis
Solar flares are frequently accompanied by coronal mass ejections (CMEs) that release a significant amount of energetic plasma into interplanetary space, potentially causing geomagnetic disturbances on Earth. However, many solar flares have no association with CMEs. The relationship between solar fl...
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IOP Publishing
2025-01-01
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| Series: | The Astrophysical Journal Letters |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/adc560 |
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| author | Johan Muhamad Kanya Kusano |
| author_facet | Johan Muhamad Kanya Kusano |
| author_sort | Johan Muhamad |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Solar flares are frequently accompanied by coronal mass ejections (CMEs) that release a significant amount of energetic plasma into interplanetary space, potentially causing geomagnetic disturbances on Earth. However, many solar flares have no association with CMEs. The relationship between solar flare and CME occurrences remains unclear. Therefore, it is valuable to distinguish between active regions (ARs) that potentially produce flares and CMEs and those that do not. It is believed that the eruptivity of a flare can be characterized by the properties of the AR from which it originates. In this study, we analyzed selected ARs that produced solar flares with and without CMEs during solar cycle 24. We carefully calculated the electric current neutralization of each AR by selecting relevant magnetic fluxes based on their connectivities using nonlinear force-free field models. Additionally, we analyzed their stabilities against the torus instability by estimating the proxies of critical heights of the ARs. We found that several noneruptive ARs, which lacked clear signatures of neutral electric currents, exhibited a more apparent relationship with high critical heights of torus instability. Furthermore, we introduced a new nondimensional parameter that incorporates current neutralization and critical height. We found that analyzing ARs based on this new parameter can better discriminate eruptive and noneruptive flare events compared to analysis that relied solely on current neutralization or torus instability. This indicates that torus instability analysis is necessary to complement electric current neutralization in characterizing the eruptivity of solar flares. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-9b341c1b6dd1456a863d25f95b219e6e |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2041-8205 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
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| series | The Astrophysical Journal Letters |
| spelling | doaj-art-9b341c1b6dd1456a863d25f95b219e6e2025-08-20T02:16:06ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal Letters2041-82052025-01-019831L2810.3847/2041-8213/adc560Eruptivity of Flaring Active Regions Based on Electric Current Neutralization and Torus Instability AnalysisJohan Muhamad0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7214-3754Kanya Kusano1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6814-6810Research Center for Space, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) , Gedung 124 KST Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie, Jl. Raya Puspiptek 60, Tangerang Selatan, Banten 15314, Indonesia ; johan.muhamad@brin.go.idInstitute for Space-Earth Environmental Research (ISEE), Nagoya University , Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, JapanSolar flares are frequently accompanied by coronal mass ejections (CMEs) that release a significant amount of energetic plasma into interplanetary space, potentially causing geomagnetic disturbances on Earth. However, many solar flares have no association with CMEs. The relationship between solar flare and CME occurrences remains unclear. Therefore, it is valuable to distinguish between active regions (ARs) that potentially produce flares and CMEs and those that do not. It is believed that the eruptivity of a flare can be characterized by the properties of the AR from which it originates. In this study, we analyzed selected ARs that produced solar flares with and without CMEs during solar cycle 24. We carefully calculated the electric current neutralization of each AR by selecting relevant magnetic fluxes based on their connectivities using nonlinear force-free field models. Additionally, we analyzed their stabilities against the torus instability by estimating the proxies of critical heights of the ARs. We found that several noneruptive ARs, which lacked clear signatures of neutral electric currents, exhibited a more apparent relationship with high critical heights of torus instability. Furthermore, we introduced a new nondimensional parameter that incorporates current neutralization and critical height. We found that analyzing ARs based on this new parameter can better discriminate eruptive and noneruptive flare events compared to analysis that relied solely on current neutralization or torus instability. This indicates that torus instability analysis is necessary to complement electric current neutralization in characterizing the eruptivity of solar flares.https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/adc560Solar coronal mass ejectionsSolar flaresSolar photosphereSolar coronaSolar active regions |
| spellingShingle | Johan Muhamad Kanya Kusano Eruptivity of Flaring Active Regions Based on Electric Current Neutralization and Torus Instability Analysis The Astrophysical Journal Letters Solar coronal mass ejections Solar flares Solar photosphere Solar corona Solar active regions |
| title | Eruptivity of Flaring Active Regions Based on Electric Current Neutralization and Torus Instability Analysis |
| title_full | Eruptivity of Flaring Active Regions Based on Electric Current Neutralization and Torus Instability Analysis |
| title_fullStr | Eruptivity of Flaring Active Regions Based on Electric Current Neutralization and Torus Instability Analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Eruptivity of Flaring Active Regions Based on Electric Current Neutralization and Torus Instability Analysis |
| title_short | Eruptivity of Flaring Active Regions Based on Electric Current Neutralization and Torus Instability Analysis |
| title_sort | eruptivity of flaring active regions based on electric current neutralization and torus instability analysis |
| topic | Solar coronal mass ejections Solar flares Solar photosphere Solar corona Solar active regions |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/adc560 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT johanmuhamad eruptivityofflaringactiveregionsbasedonelectriccurrentneutralizationandtorusinstabilityanalysis AT kanyakusano eruptivityofflaringactiveregionsbasedonelectriccurrentneutralizationandtorusinstabilityanalysis |