Global water stress mitigation achieved through international crop trade

Summary: Global water savings can be achieved by trading crops from countries with higher to lower water productivity. However, strengthening such water-saving trade links could intensify global water stress if exports come from water-stressed countries to less stressed ones. Here, we explore whethe...

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Main Authors: Ying Shi, Xu Zhao, Martin R. Tillotson, Xinxin Zhang, Rui Zhong, Honglin Zhong
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-07-01
Series:iScience
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589004225011575
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author Ying Shi
Xu Zhao
Martin R. Tillotson
Xinxin Zhang
Rui Zhong
Honglin Zhong
author_facet Ying Shi
Xu Zhao
Martin R. Tillotson
Xinxin Zhang
Rui Zhong
Honglin Zhong
author_sort Ying Shi
collection DOAJ
description Summary: Global water savings can be achieved by trading crops from countries with higher to lower water productivity. However, strengthening such water-saving trade links could intensify global water stress if exports come from water-stressed countries to less stressed ones. Here, we explore whether international crop trade can alleviate global water stress using a virtual scarce water saving/loss indicator and refined trade matrices for 109 crops across 150 countries. We further assess how differences in water productivity and stress between trade partners mitigate global water stress by categorizing different types of crop trade relationships. Our results indicate that while international crop trade generally helps mitigate global water stress, over half of the trade links still contribute to increased water stress. Scenario analysis suggests that enhancing crop water productivity among exporters involved in virtual scarce water loss trade links could convert up to 53% of these loss links into saving links.
format Article
id doaj-art-9b30c5579b7c40e6bce689bb2b9598ec
institution Kabale University
issn 2589-0042
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher Elsevier
record_format Article
series iScience
spelling doaj-art-9b30c5579b7c40e6bce689bb2b9598ec2025-08-20T03:30:30ZengElsevieriScience2589-00422025-07-0128711289610.1016/j.isci.2025.112896Global water stress mitigation achieved through international crop tradeYing Shi0Xu Zhao1Martin R. Tillotson2Xinxin Zhang3Rui Zhong4Honglin Zhong5Institute of Blue and Green Development, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, ChinaInstitute of Blue and Green Development, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; Corresponding authorSchool of Civil Engineering, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT Leeds, UKBusiness School, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; Corresponding authorInstitute of Environment and Ecology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, ChinaInstitute of Blue and Green Development, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; Corresponding authorSummary: Global water savings can be achieved by trading crops from countries with higher to lower water productivity. However, strengthening such water-saving trade links could intensify global water stress if exports come from water-stressed countries to less stressed ones. Here, we explore whether international crop trade can alleviate global water stress using a virtual scarce water saving/loss indicator and refined trade matrices for 109 crops across 150 countries. We further assess how differences in water productivity and stress between trade partners mitigate global water stress by categorizing different types of crop trade relationships. Our results indicate that while international crop trade generally helps mitigate global water stress, over half of the trade links still contribute to increased water stress. Scenario analysis suggests that enhancing crop water productivity among exporters involved in virtual scarce water loss trade links could convert up to 53% of these loss links into saving links.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589004225011575Earth sciencesAgricultural scienceAgriculture in international tradeSustainability aspects of food production
spellingShingle Ying Shi
Xu Zhao
Martin R. Tillotson
Xinxin Zhang
Rui Zhong
Honglin Zhong
Global water stress mitigation achieved through international crop trade
iScience
Earth sciences
Agricultural science
Agriculture in international trade
Sustainability aspects of food production
title Global water stress mitigation achieved through international crop trade
title_full Global water stress mitigation achieved through international crop trade
title_fullStr Global water stress mitigation achieved through international crop trade
title_full_unstemmed Global water stress mitigation achieved through international crop trade
title_short Global water stress mitigation achieved through international crop trade
title_sort global water stress mitigation achieved through international crop trade
topic Earth sciences
Agricultural science
Agriculture in international trade
Sustainability aspects of food production
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589004225011575
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AT xuzhao globalwaterstressmitigationachievedthroughinternationalcroptrade
AT martinrtillotson globalwaterstressmitigationachievedthroughinternationalcroptrade
AT xinxinzhang globalwaterstressmitigationachievedthroughinternationalcroptrade
AT ruizhong globalwaterstressmitigationachievedthroughinternationalcroptrade
AT honglinzhong globalwaterstressmitigationachievedthroughinternationalcroptrade