Translational PK–PD model for in vivo CAR‐T‐cell therapy delivered using CAR mRNA‐loaded polymeric nanoparticle vector

Abstract Autologous chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T‐cell therapy has demonstrated remarkable response rates, yet its widespread implementation is hindered by logistical, financial, and physical constraints. Additionally, challenges such as poor persistence and allorejection are associated with all...

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Main Authors: Se Jin Kim, Ganesh M. Mugundu, Aman P. Singh
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2024-12-01
Series:Clinical and Translational Science
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1111/cts.70101
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author Se Jin Kim
Ganesh M. Mugundu
Aman P. Singh
author_facet Se Jin Kim
Ganesh M. Mugundu
Aman P. Singh
author_sort Se Jin Kim
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Autologous chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T‐cell therapy has demonstrated remarkable response rates, yet its widespread implementation is hindered by logistical, financial, and physical constraints. Additionally, challenges such as poor persistence and allorejection are associated with allogeneic cell therapies. An innovative approach involves in vivo transduction of endogenous T‐cells through the administration of CAR mRNA encapsulated in polymeric nanoparticles (NPs), resulting in transient CAR surface expression on circulating T‐cells. This method presents a promising alternative, although the dose–exposure–response relationship of in vivo CAR‐Ts remains poorly elucidated. The transient nature of CAR expression may necessitate repeated dosing, potentially introducing additional hurdles like cost and patient compliance. To address this issue, we have devised a translational pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic (PK–PD) model that characterizes the transient surface CAR expression following mRNA‐encapsulated NP administration, leveraging in vitro and in vivo data alongside critical binding kinetic parameters sourced from literature. Our model adequately captures the transient surface CAR expression in both settings, while incorporating known physiological parameter values and exhibiting precise estimation of unknown parameters (coefficient of variation < 30%). Global sensitivity analyses underscore the significance of intracellular mRNA stability, highlighting the sensitivity of parameters linked to free intracellular mRNA concentration. Model‐based simulations indicate that optimizing dose and dosing frequency can achieve sustained CAR expression, despite the transient protein expression characteristic of mRNA‐based therapies. This mechanistic PK–PD model holds potential for integration into physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic models, facilitating the translation of in vivo CAR‐T‐cell therapies from preclinical studies to human applications.
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spelling doaj-art-9b2e0ad709dd4baebd88959cfe4be56f2025-08-20T02:39:24ZengWileyClinical and Translational Science1752-80541752-80622024-12-011712n/an/a10.1111/cts.70101Translational PK–PD model for in vivo CAR‐T‐cell therapy delivered using CAR mRNA‐loaded polymeric nanoparticle vectorSe Jin Kim0Ganesh M. Mugundu1Aman P. Singh2Oncology Cell Therapy and Therapeutic Area Unit, Cell Therapy Clinical Pharmacology and Modeling, Precision and Translational Medicine Takeda Pharmaceuticals Cambridge Massachusetts USAOncology Cell Therapy and Therapeutic Area Unit, Cell Therapy Clinical Pharmacology and Modeling, Precision and Translational Medicine Takeda Pharmaceuticals Cambridge Massachusetts USAOncology Cell Therapy and Therapeutic Area Unit, Cell Therapy Clinical Pharmacology and Modeling, Precision and Translational Medicine Takeda Pharmaceuticals Cambridge Massachusetts USAAbstract Autologous chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T‐cell therapy has demonstrated remarkable response rates, yet its widespread implementation is hindered by logistical, financial, and physical constraints. Additionally, challenges such as poor persistence and allorejection are associated with allogeneic cell therapies. An innovative approach involves in vivo transduction of endogenous T‐cells through the administration of CAR mRNA encapsulated in polymeric nanoparticles (NPs), resulting in transient CAR surface expression on circulating T‐cells. This method presents a promising alternative, although the dose–exposure–response relationship of in vivo CAR‐Ts remains poorly elucidated. The transient nature of CAR expression may necessitate repeated dosing, potentially introducing additional hurdles like cost and patient compliance. To address this issue, we have devised a translational pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic (PK–PD) model that characterizes the transient surface CAR expression following mRNA‐encapsulated NP administration, leveraging in vitro and in vivo data alongside critical binding kinetic parameters sourced from literature. Our model adequately captures the transient surface CAR expression in both settings, while incorporating known physiological parameter values and exhibiting precise estimation of unknown parameters (coefficient of variation < 30%). Global sensitivity analyses underscore the significance of intracellular mRNA stability, highlighting the sensitivity of parameters linked to free intracellular mRNA concentration. Model‐based simulations indicate that optimizing dose and dosing frequency can achieve sustained CAR expression, despite the transient protein expression characteristic of mRNA‐based therapies. This mechanistic PK–PD model holds potential for integration into physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic models, facilitating the translation of in vivo CAR‐T‐cell therapies from preclinical studies to human applications.https://doi.org/10.1111/cts.70101
spellingShingle Se Jin Kim
Ganesh M. Mugundu
Aman P. Singh
Translational PK–PD model for in vivo CAR‐T‐cell therapy delivered using CAR mRNA‐loaded polymeric nanoparticle vector
Clinical and Translational Science
title Translational PK–PD model for in vivo CAR‐T‐cell therapy delivered using CAR mRNA‐loaded polymeric nanoparticle vector
title_full Translational PK–PD model for in vivo CAR‐T‐cell therapy delivered using CAR mRNA‐loaded polymeric nanoparticle vector
title_fullStr Translational PK–PD model for in vivo CAR‐T‐cell therapy delivered using CAR mRNA‐loaded polymeric nanoparticle vector
title_full_unstemmed Translational PK–PD model for in vivo CAR‐T‐cell therapy delivered using CAR mRNA‐loaded polymeric nanoparticle vector
title_short Translational PK–PD model for in vivo CAR‐T‐cell therapy delivered using CAR mRNA‐loaded polymeric nanoparticle vector
title_sort translational pk pd model for in vivo car t cell therapy delivered using car mrna loaded polymeric nanoparticle vector
url https://doi.org/10.1111/cts.70101
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AT ganeshmmugundu translationalpkpdmodelforinvivocartcelltherapydeliveredusingcarmrnaloadedpolymericnanoparticlevector
AT amanpsingh translationalpkpdmodelforinvivocartcelltherapydeliveredusingcarmrnaloadedpolymericnanoparticlevector