Global magnitude and temporal trends of stroke attributable to lead exposure from 1990 to 2021
Objective: Lead exposure is associated with an increased risk of stroke, but studies on the global burden of stroke attributable to lead exposure remain limited. This study evaluates the temporal and spatial trends in the disease burden of stroke and its three subtypes attributable to lead exposure...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651325002015 |
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| author | Ying Wang Ran Liu Wenxia Li PengNan Bao JinWei Zhang Wei Yue |
| author_facet | Ying Wang Ran Liu Wenxia Li PengNan Bao JinWei Zhang Wei Yue |
| author_sort | Ying Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objective: Lead exposure is associated with an increased risk of stroke, but studies on the global burden of stroke attributable to lead exposure remain limited. This study evaluates the temporal and spatial trends in the disease burden of stroke and its three subtypes attributable to lead exposure in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021. Methods: Data from Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2021 were used to estimate annual deaths, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR), and age-standardized DALY rate (ASDR) of stroke attributable to lead exposure. The estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was calculated to evaluate trends from 1990 to 2021. Results: Between 1990 and 2021, the global burden of stroke attributable to lead exposure increased significantly, with deaths rising from 341,294 to 556,595 and DALYs from 8.52 million to 12.02 million. However, ASMRs declined from 9.33 to 6.65 per 100,000 population (EAPC = −1.23), and ASDRs fell from 213.99 to 139.82 per 100,000 population (EAPC = −1.51). Among subtypes, ischemic stroke (IS) contributed the most to ASMRs, whereas intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) accounted for the highest ASDRs. Males had higher ASMRs and ASDRs than females, although females exhibited greater reduction rates. The burden was disproportionately higher in older adults, particularly those over 70 years, with IS and ICH contributing significantly. Socio-demographic and regional disparities were evident, with low- and low-middle SDI regions bearing the highest burden. Conclusion: The stroke burden attributable to lead exposure remains high, with significant variations by age, sex, region, and subtypes. Public health measures and policies are urgently needed to prevent and mitigate lead exposure globally. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-9b24b968c3bb469488e9cdb564614a91 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 0147-6513 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety |
| spelling | doaj-art-9b24b968c3bb469488e9cdb564614a912025-02-08T04:59:23ZengElsevierEcotoxicology and Environmental Safety0147-65132025-02-01291117865Global magnitude and temporal trends of stroke attributable to lead exposure from 1990 to 2021Ying Wang0Ran Liu1Wenxia Li2PengNan Bao3JinWei Zhang4Wei Yue5Clinical College of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, ChinaClinical College of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, ChinaClinical College of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, ChinaClinical College of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, ChinaClinical College of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, ChinaClinical College of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China; Corresponding author at: Clinical College of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.Objective: Lead exposure is associated with an increased risk of stroke, but studies on the global burden of stroke attributable to lead exposure remain limited. This study evaluates the temporal and spatial trends in the disease burden of stroke and its three subtypes attributable to lead exposure in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021. Methods: Data from Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2021 were used to estimate annual deaths, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR), and age-standardized DALY rate (ASDR) of stroke attributable to lead exposure. The estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was calculated to evaluate trends from 1990 to 2021. Results: Between 1990 and 2021, the global burden of stroke attributable to lead exposure increased significantly, with deaths rising from 341,294 to 556,595 and DALYs from 8.52 million to 12.02 million. However, ASMRs declined from 9.33 to 6.65 per 100,000 population (EAPC = −1.23), and ASDRs fell from 213.99 to 139.82 per 100,000 population (EAPC = −1.51). Among subtypes, ischemic stroke (IS) contributed the most to ASMRs, whereas intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) accounted for the highest ASDRs. Males had higher ASMRs and ASDRs than females, although females exhibited greater reduction rates. The burden was disproportionately higher in older adults, particularly those over 70 years, with IS and ICH contributing significantly. Socio-demographic and regional disparities were evident, with low- and low-middle SDI regions bearing the highest burden. Conclusion: The stroke burden attributable to lead exposure remains high, with significant variations by age, sex, region, and subtypes. Public health measures and policies are urgently needed to prevent and mitigate lead exposure globally.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651325002015StrokeLead exposureGlobal burden of Disease studyTemporal trend |
| spellingShingle | Ying Wang Ran Liu Wenxia Li PengNan Bao JinWei Zhang Wei Yue Global magnitude and temporal trends of stroke attributable to lead exposure from 1990 to 2021 Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Stroke Lead exposure Global burden of Disease study Temporal trend |
| title | Global magnitude and temporal trends of stroke attributable to lead exposure from 1990 to 2021 |
| title_full | Global magnitude and temporal trends of stroke attributable to lead exposure from 1990 to 2021 |
| title_fullStr | Global magnitude and temporal trends of stroke attributable to lead exposure from 1990 to 2021 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Global magnitude and temporal trends of stroke attributable to lead exposure from 1990 to 2021 |
| title_short | Global magnitude and temporal trends of stroke attributable to lead exposure from 1990 to 2021 |
| title_sort | global magnitude and temporal trends of stroke attributable to lead exposure from 1990 to 2021 |
| topic | Stroke Lead exposure Global burden of Disease study Temporal trend |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651325002015 |
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