From the gut to the brain, mechanisms and clinical applications of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on the treatment of anxiety and insomnia

Anxiety and insomnia are prevalent global mood disorders, and affect approximately 4 and 10 out of every 100 individuals, respectively. Common abnormal brain activity and altered neural circuitries are detected in patients with anxiety disorders and insomnia, suggesting overlapping pathogenesis in t...

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Main Authors: Chengji Jiang, You Chen, Tao Sun
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-05-01
Series:Frontiers in Neuroscience
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2025.1570173/full
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author Chengji Jiang
You Chen
Tao Sun
author_facet Chengji Jiang
You Chen
Tao Sun
author_sort Chengji Jiang
collection DOAJ
description Anxiety and insomnia are prevalent global mood disorders, and affect approximately 4 and 10 out of every 100 individuals, respectively. Common abnormal brain activity and altered neural circuitries are detected in patients with anxiety disorders and insomnia, suggesting overlapping pathogenesis in these two disorders. Promisingly, GABA from dietary supplements and GABA produced by gut microbiota have shown significant treatment effects in anxiety and insomnia. This review summarizes neurological mechanisms causing anxiety and insomnia, reveals cellular pathways transferring GABA from the gut to the brain, and delivers the therapeutic potential of gut derived GABA for anxiety and insomnia. Moreover, this review proposes emerging therapeutic strategies utilizing engineered GABA-producing bacteria to target anxiety and insomnia, and highlights the potential of live biotherapeutics as novel interventions for mood disorders.
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publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
record_format Article
series Frontiers in Neuroscience
spelling doaj-art-9b12d1e521164e73b031359da4a4e91a2025-08-20T02:57:08ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Neuroscience1662-453X2025-05-011910.3389/fnins.2025.15701731570173From the gut to the brain, mechanisms and clinical applications of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on the treatment of anxiety and insomniaChengji Jiang0You Chen1Tao Sun2Center for Precision Medicine, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, ChinaGeneYoung Biopharmaceuticals, Shenzhen, ChinaCenter for Precision Medicine, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, ChinaAnxiety and insomnia are prevalent global mood disorders, and affect approximately 4 and 10 out of every 100 individuals, respectively. Common abnormal brain activity and altered neural circuitries are detected in patients with anxiety disorders and insomnia, suggesting overlapping pathogenesis in these two disorders. Promisingly, GABA from dietary supplements and GABA produced by gut microbiota have shown significant treatment effects in anxiety and insomnia. This review summarizes neurological mechanisms causing anxiety and insomnia, reveals cellular pathways transferring GABA from the gut to the brain, and delivers the therapeutic potential of gut derived GABA for anxiety and insomnia. Moreover, this review proposes emerging therapeutic strategies utilizing engineered GABA-producing bacteria to target anxiety and insomnia, and highlights the potential of live biotherapeutics as novel interventions for mood disorders.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2025.1570173/fullGABAanxietyinsomniagut microbiotaprobioticsgenetic engineered bacteria
spellingShingle Chengji Jiang
You Chen
Tao Sun
From the gut to the brain, mechanisms and clinical applications of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on the treatment of anxiety and insomnia
Frontiers in Neuroscience
GABA
anxiety
insomnia
gut microbiota
probiotics
genetic engineered bacteria
title From the gut to the brain, mechanisms and clinical applications of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on the treatment of anxiety and insomnia
title_full From the gut to the brain, mechanisms and clinical applications of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on the treatment of anxiety and insomnia
title_fullStr From the gut to the brain, mechanisms and clinical applications of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on the treatment of anxiety and insomnia
title_full_unstemmed From the gut to the brain, mechanisms and clinical applications of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on the treatment of anxiety and insomnia
title_short From the gut to the brain, mechanisms and clinical applications of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on the treatment of anxiety and insomnia
title_sort from the gut to the brain mechanisms and clinical applications of γ aminobutyric acid gaba on the treatment of anxiety and insomnia
topic GABA
anxiety
insomnia
gut microbiota
probiotics
genetic engineered bacteria
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2025.1570173/full
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