Performance of clock sources and their influence on time synchronization in wireless sensor networks
Wireless sensor networks require time synchronization, which is the coordination of events or actions to make a system operate in unison. In this work, real experiments and a theoretical analysis of the behavior of the clock sources, most used in wireless sensor networks, have been carried out. The...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2019-09-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1177/1550147719879372 |
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| _version_ | 1832547306052780032 |
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| author | Francisco Tirado-Andrés Alvaro Araujo |
| author_facet | Francisco Tirado-Andrés Alvaro Araujo |
| author_sort | Francisco Tirado-Andrés |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Wireless sensor networks require time synchronization, which is the coordination of events or actions to make a system operate in unison. In this work, real experiments and a theoretical analysis of the behavior of the clock sources, most used in wireless sensor networks, have been carried out. The experiments have been performed on two real platforms from two different manufacturers in real environments with sudden changes in temperature. Complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor oscillators have a low accuracy, bigger than 500 ppm, and a high dependency with temperature. External crystal oscillators have good accuracy, around 20 ppm, and are stable with temperature. Temperature-compensated crystal oscillators are very accurate, around 5 ppm, and the temperature has no influence in their drift. The use of phase-locked loop circuits minimizes the impact of temperature and stabilizes oscillators. We highlight and demonstrate the importance of the early stages of design, especially the selection of the clock source, because that decision has a great impact on the performance of the time synchronization in wireless sensor networks. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-9b06d934c86c45d299377adfd1270446 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1550-1477 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2019-09-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks |
| spelling | doaj-art-9b06d934c86c45d299377adfd12704462025-02-03T06:45:23ZengWileyInternational Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks1550-14772019-09-011510.1177/1550147719879372Performance of clock sources and their influence on time synchronization in wireless sensor networksFrancisco Tirado-AndrésAlvaro AraujoWireless sensor networks require time synchronization, which is the coordination of events or actions to make a system operate in unison. In this work, real experiments and a theoretical analysis of the behavior of the clock sources, most used in wireless sensor networks, have been carried out. The experiments have been performed on two real platforms from two different manufacturers in real environments with sudden changes in temperature. Complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor oscillators have a low accuracy, bigger than 500 ppm, and a high dependency with temperature. External crystal oscillators have good accuracy, around 20 ppm, and are stable with temperature. Temperature-compensated crystal oscillators are very accurate, around 5 ppm, and the temperature has no influence in their drift. The use of phase-locked loop circuits minimizes the impact of temperature and stabilizes oscillators. We highlight and demonstrate the importance of the early stages of design, especially the selection of the clock source, because that decision has a great impact on the performance of the time synchronization in wireless sensor networks.https://doi.org/10.1177/1550147719879372 |
| spellingShingle | Francisco Tirado-Andrés Alvaro Araujo Performance of clock sources and their influence on time synchronization in wireless sensor networks International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks |
| title | Performance of clock sources and their influence on time synchronization in wireless sensor networks |
| title_full | Performance of clock sources and their influence on time synchronization in wireless sensor networks |
| title_fullStr | Performance of clock sources and their influence on time synchronization in wireless sensor networks |
| title_full_unstemmed | Performance of clock sources and their influence on time synchronization in wireless sensor networks |
| title_short | Performance of clock sources and their influence on time synchronization in wireless sensor networks |
| title_sort | performance of clock sources and their influence on time synchronization in wireless sensor networks |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1177/1550147719879372 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT franciscotiradoandres performanceofclocksourcesandtheirinfluenceontimesynchronizationinwirelesssensornetworks AT alvaroaraujo performanceofclocksourcesandtheirinfluenceontimesynchronizationinwirelesssensornetworks |