The regulation of glutamatergic nervous system in sleep-wake states and general anesthesia
The sleep-wake states and general anesthesia share many neurophysiological similarities, as both involve reversible changes in consciousness and modulation of brain activity. This paper reviews the role of glutamatergic neurons, the brain's primary excitatory neurons, in regulating sleep-wake s...
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| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Brain Research Bulletin |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0361923025000322 |
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| author | Wei Luo Meiyi Duan Enpeng Liang Siwei Wang Jie Yuan |
| author_facet | Wei Luo Meiyi Duan Enpeng Liang Siwei Wang Jie Yuan |
| author_sort | Wei Luo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The sleep-wake states and general anesthesia share many neurophysiological similarities, as both involve reversible changes in consciousness and modulation of brain activity. This paper reviews the role of glutamatergic neurons, the brain's primary excitatory neurons, in regulating sleep-wake states and general anesthesia. We discuss the involvement of glutamatergic neurons across various brain regions, including the brainstem, basal forebrain, thalamus, hypothalamus, and cortex, highlighting their contributions to physiological sleep-wake and anesthesia modulation. Recent advancements in techniques such as optogenetics, chemogenetics, and neural tracing have enhanced our understanding of these neurons' functions. Understanding these mechanisms can lead to improved therapeutic strategies for sleep disorders and more precise anesthetic practices, providing new avenues for clinical intervention. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-9b02c5a0415d4de6ae9d279394aea47f |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1873-2747 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Brain Research Bulletin |
| spelling | doaj-art-9b02c5a0415d4de6ae9d279394aea47f2025-02-07T04:46:46ZengElsevierBrain Research Bulletin1873-27472025-02-01221111220The regulation of glutamatergic nervous system in sleep-wake states and general anesthesiaWei Luo0Meiyi Duan1Enpeng Liang2Siwei Wang3Jie Yuan4Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China; Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, ChinaDepartment of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China; Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, ChinaDepartment of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China; Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, ChinaDepartment of Dental Implantology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China; Correspondence to: The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, No. 143, Dalian Road, Huichuan District, Zunyi City, Guizhou Province, China.Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China; Department of Pain Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China; Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China; Correspondence to: The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, No. 149, Dalian Road, Huichuan District, Zunyi City, Guizhou Province, China.The sleep-wake states and general anesthesia share many neurophysiological similarities, as both involve reversible changes in consciousness and modulation of brain activity. This paper reviews the role of glutamatergic neurons, the brain's primary excitatory neurons, in regulating sleep-wake states and general anesthesia. We discuss the involvement of glutamatergic neurons across various brain regions, including the brainstem, basal forebrain, thalamus, hypothalamus, and cortex, highlighting their contributions to physiological sleep-wake and anesthesia modulation. Recent advancements in techniques such as optogenetics, chemogenetics, and neural tracing have enhanced our understanding of these neurons' functions. Understanding these mechanisms can lead to improved therapeutic strategies for sleep disorders and more precise anesthetic practices, providing new avenues for clinical intervention.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0361923025000322Glutamatergic neuronsGlutamatergic neural circuitsSleep-wake statesGeneral anesthesia |
| spellingShingle | Wei Luo Meiyi Duan Enpeng Liang Siwei Wang Jie Yuan The regulation of glutamatergic nervous system in sleep-wake states and general anesthesia Brain Research Bulletin Glutamatergic neurons Glutamatergic neural circuits Sleep-wake states General anesthesia |
| title | The regulation of glutamatergic nervous system in sleep-wake states and general anesthesia |
| title_full | The regulation of glutamatergic nervous system in sleep-wake states and general anesthesia |
| title_fullStr | The regulation of glutamatergic nervous system in sleep-wake states and general anesthesia |
| title_full_unstemmed | The regulation of glutamatergic nervous system in sleep-wake states and general anesthesia |
| title_short | The regulation of glutamatergic nervous system in sleep-wake states and general anesthesia |
| title_sort | regulation of glutamatergic nervous system in sleep wake states and general anesthesia |
| topic | Glutamatergic neurons Glutamatergic neural circuits Sleep-wake states General anesthesia |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0361923025000322 |
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