Fracture Resistance of Provisional Crowns: A Finite Element Analysis of a Semi-Permanent Resin—A Pilot Study

<b>Background/Objectives</b>: Fracture resistance is crucial for provisional crowns, especially under high-stress conditions like bruxism. While semi-permanent materials such as Luxacrown are designed for durability, their performance under extreme occlusal forces remains uncertain. This...

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Main Authors: Nadine Kamel, Pascale Habre
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Dentistry Journal
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6767/13/4/137
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author Nadine Kamel
Pascale Habre
author_facet Nadine Kamel
Pascale Habre
author_sort Nadine Kamel
collection DOAJ
description <b>Background/Objectives</b>: Fracture resistance is crucial for provisional crowns, especially under high-stress conditions like bruxism. While semi-permanent materials such as Luxacrown are designed for durability, their performance under extreme occlusal forces remains uncertain. This study uses finite element analysis (FEA) to evaluate the fracture resistance of five common provisional crown materials. <b>Methods</b>: A standardized digital model of a maxillary first molar was developed with uniform crown thickness. Twenty models were created to assess Unifast Trad (self-curing PMMA), Luxatemp Star (bis-acryl composite), Luxacrown (semi-permanent bis-acryl), Protemp 4 (nanofilled bis-acryl), and Telio CAD (CAD/CAM PMMA). FEA simulations evaluated vertical (250 N), lateral (225 N), diagonal (400 N), and bruxism-level (800 N) forces. Stress-to-strength ratios (SSR) and Von Mises stress distributions were analyzed to evaluate material performance and failure risk. <b>Results</b>: Telio CAD exhibited the highest fracture resistance, maintaining SSR values below 100% across scenarios. Luxacrown and Protemp 4 performed adequately under moderate loads but showed increased stress concentrations under bruxism-level forces. Luxatemp Star followed a similar trend, whereas Unifast Trad demonstrated the lowest resistance, accumulating significant stress in all conditions. <b>Conclusions</b>: Material selection is key to provisional crown fracture resistance. Telio CAD showed the highest durability, while Luxacrown and Protemp 4 performed well under moderate loads but struggled under extreme forces, raising concerns about semi-permanent materials. Luxatemp Star showed similar trends, and Unifast Trad, the weakest, is best for short-term use.
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spelling doaj-art-9b00d74cd92542cb93010f0fb9c500052025-08-20T02:17:20ZengMDPI AGDentistry Journal2304-67672025-03-0113413710.3390/dj13040137Fracture Resistance of Provisional Crowns: A Finite Element Analysis of a Semi-Permanent Resin—A Pilot StudyNadine Kamel0Pascale Habre1Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2180, LebanonDepartment of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2180, Lebanon<b>Background/Objectives</b>: Fracture resistance is crucial for provisional crowns, especially under high-stress conditions like bruxism. While semi-permanent materials such as Luxacrown are designed for durability, their performance under extreme occlusal forces remains uncertain. This study uses finite element analysis (FEA) to evaluate the fracture resistance of five common provisional crown materials. <b>Methods</b>: A standardized digital model of a maxillary first molar was developed with uniform crown thickness. Twenty models were created to assess Unifast Trad (self-curing PMMA), Luxatemp Star (bis-acryl composite), Luxacrown (semi-permanent bis-acryl), Protemp 4 (nanofilled bis-acryl), and Telio CAD (CAD/CAM PMMA). FEA simulations evaluated vertical (250 N), lateral (225 N), diagonal (400 N), and bruxism-level (800 N) forces. Stress-to-strength ratios (SSR) and Von Mises stress distributions were analyzed to evaluate material performance and failure risk. <b>Results</b>: Telio CAD exhibited the highest fracture resistance, maintaining SSR values below 100% across scenarios. Luxacrown and Protemp 4 performed adequately under moderate loads but showed increased stress concentrations under bruxism-level forces. Luxatemp Star followed a similar trend, whereas Unifast Trad demonstrated the lowest resistance, accumulating significant stress in all conditions. <b>Conclusions</b>: Material selection is key to provisional crown fracture resistance. Telio CAD showed the highest durability, while Luxacrown and Protemp 4 performed well under moderate loads but struggled under extreme forces, raising concerns about semi-permanent materials. Luxatemp Star showed similar trends, and Unifast Trad, the weakest, is best for short-term use.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6767/13/4/137dentistryprosthodonticsdental prosthesistemporaryfinite element analysisfractures
spellingShingle Nadine Kamel
Pascale Habre
Fracture Resistance of Provisional Crowns: A Finite Element Analysis of a Semi-Permanent Resin—A Pilot Study
Dentistry Journal
dentistry
prosthodontics
dental prosthesis
temporary
finite element analysis
fractures
title Fracture Resistance of Provisional Crowns: A Finite Element Analysis of a Semi-Permanent Resin—A Pilot Study
title_full Fracture Resistance of Provisional Crowns: A Finite Element Analysis of a Semi-Permanent Resin—A Pilot Study
title_fullStr Fracture Resistance of Provisional Crowns: A Finite Element Analysis of a Semi-Permanent Resin—A Pilot Study
title_full_unstemmed Fracture Resistance of Provisional Crowns: A Finite Element Analysis of a Semi-Permanent Resin—A Pilot Study
title_short Fracture Resistance of Provisional Crowns: A Finite Element Analysis of a Semi-Permanent Resin—A Pilot Study
title_sort fracture resistance of provisional crowns a finite element analysis of a semi permanent resin a pilot study
topic dentistry
prosthodontics
dental prosthesis
temporary
finite element analysis
fractures
url https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6767/13/4/137
work_keys_str_mv AT nadinekamel fractureresistanceofprovisionalcrownsafiniteelementanalysisofasemipermanentresinapilotstudy
AT pascalehabre fractureresistanceofprovisionalcrownsafiniteelementanalysisofasemipermanentresinapilotstudy