Determination of the Total Phosphorus Decay Coefficient Based on Hydrological Models in an Artificial Reservoir in the Brazilian Semi-Arid Region

Phosphorus input into surface water is a global concern due to its role in eutrophication, which is especially critical in semi-arid regions with their challenging climatic conditions. This study evaluated the best model for estimating the phosphorus decay coefficient (k) in semi-arid lakes, using f...

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Main Authors: Francisco Josivan de Oliveira Lima, Fernando Bezerra Lopes, Daniel Antônio Camelo Cid, Iran Eduardo Lima Neto, Renan Vieira Rocha, Alyson Brayner Sousa Estácio, Isabel Cristina da Silva Araújo, Nayara Rochelli de Sousa Luna, Michele Cunha Pontes, Arthur Costa Tomaz de Souza, Eunice Maia de Andrade
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Hydrology
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5338/12/2/36
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author Francisco Josivan de Oliveira Lima
Fernando Bezerra Lopes
Daniel Antônio Camelo Cid
Iran Eduardo Lima Neto
Renan Vieira Rocha
Alyson Brayner Sousa Estácio
Isabel Cristina da Silva Araújo
Nayara Rochelli de Sousa Luna
Michele Cunha Pontes
Arthur Costa Tomaz de Souza
Eunice Maia de Andrade
author_facet Francisco Josivan de Oliveira Lima
Fernando Bezerra Lopes
Daniel Antônio Camelo Cid
Iran Eduardo Lima Neto
Renan Vieira Rocha
Alyson Brayner Sousa Estácio
Isabel Cristina da Silva Araújo
Nayara Rochelli de Sousa Luna
Michele Cunha Pontes
Arthur Costa Tomaz de Souza
Eunice Maia de Andrade
author_sort Francisco Josivan de Oliveira Lima
collection DOAJ
description Phosphorus input into surface water is a global concern due to its role in eutrophication, which is especially critical in semi-arid regions with their challenging climatic conditions. This study evaluated the best model for estimating the phosphorus decay coefficient (k) in semi-arid lakes, using flows from the Soil Moisture Accounting Procedure (SMAP), model of Génie Rural à 4 paramètres Journalier (GR4J), and reverse water balance hydrological models. Conducted at the Orós reservoir with 37 sampling campaigns from 2008 to 2017, it compared decay rates for temperate, tropical, and semi-arid climates. Some analyses also used phosphorus concentrations measured at the reservoir inlet. Model efficiency was assessed with bias, mean relative error, mean squared error, root mean squared error, and standard deviation. from the best models, water quality classes were classified based on phosphorus concentrations with the use of a confusion matrix to calculate accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score. The findings demonstrated that the decay rate tailored for semi-arid regions, when combined with GR4J flow data, offered the highest accuracy in estimating phosphorus concentrations (bias = 0.0012, RMSE = 0.0326, EMR = 60.6134, STD = 0.0312). In contrast, the decay rate calibrated for tropical conditions with SMAP-derived flows proved superior for classifying water quality categories (classes defined by CONAMA Resolution 357/05). Therefore, the GR4J model for semi-arid conditions stands out for concentration estimation, while the tropical decay rate with SMAP flows is preferable for effective classification of water quality status.
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spelling doaj-art-9afdb0ccf2044c7096c3bdcb3be1e8082025-08-20T02:44:39ZengMDPI AGHydrology2306-53382025-02-011223610.3390/hydrology12020036Determination of the Total Phosphorus Decay Coefficient Based on Hydrological Models in an Artificial Reservoir in the Brazilian Semi-Arid RegionFrancisco Josivan de Oliveira Lima0Fernando Bezerra Lopes1Daniel Antônio Camelo Cid2Iran Eduardo Lima Neto3Renan Vieira Rocha4Alyson Brayner Sousa Estácio5Isabel Cristina da Silva Araújo6Nayara Rochelli de Sousa Luna7Michele Cunha Pontes8Arthur Costa Tomaz de Souza9Eunice Maia de Andrade10Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60440-554, BrazilDepartment of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60440-554, BrazilCeará Foundation for Meteorology and Water Resources—FUNCEME, Avenida Rui Barbosa, 1246, Fortaleza 60115-221, BrazilDepartment of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60400-900, BrazilCeará Foundation for Meteorology and Water Resources—FUNCEME, Avenida Rui Barbosa, 1246, Fortaleza 60115-221, BrazilCeará Foundation for Meteorology and Water Resources—FUNCEME, Avenida Rui Barbosa, 1246, Fortaleza 60115-221, BrazilDepartment of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60440-554, BrazilMunicipal Secretariat of Education of Fortaleza, Fortaleza 60170-173, BrazilGraduate Program in Ecology and Natural Resources, Federal University of Ceará, Campus Pici, Fortaleza 60440-900, BrazilCeará Foundation for Meteorology and Water Resources—FUNCEME, Avenida Rui Barbosa, 1246, Fortaleza 60115-221, BrazilDepartment of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60440-554, BrazilPhosphorus input into surface water is a global concern due to its role in eutrophication, which is especially critical in semi-arid regions with their challenging climatic conditions. This study evaluated the best model for estimating the phosphorus decay coefficient (k) in semi-arid lakes, using flows from the Soil Moisture Accounting Procedure (SMAP), model of Génie Rural à 4 paramètres Journalier (GR4J), and reverse water balance hydrological models. Conducted at the Orós reservoir with 37 sampling campaigns from 2008 to 2017, it compared decay rates for temperate, tropical, and semi-arid climates. Some analyses also used phosphorus concentrations measured at the reservoir inlet. Model efficiency was assessed with bias, mean relative error, mean squared error, root mean squared error, and standard deviation. from the best models, water quality classes were classified based on phosphorus concentrations with the use of a confusion matrix to calculate accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score. The findings demonstrated that the decay rate tailored for semi-arid regions, when combined with GR4J flow data, offered the highest accuracy in estimating phosphorus concentrations (bias = 0.0012, RMSE = 0.0326, EMR = 60.6134, STD = 0.0312). In contrast, the decay rate calibrated for tropical conditions with SMAP-derived flows proved superior for classifying water quality categories (classes defined by CONAMA Resolution 357/05). Therefore, the GR4J model for semi-arid conditions stands out for concentration estimation, while the tropical decay rate with SMAP flows is preferable for effective classification of water quality status.https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5338/12/2/36geochemical modellingwater qualityeutrophication
spellingShingle Francisco Josivan de Oliveira Lima
Fernando Bezerra Lopes
Daniel Antônio Camelo Cid
Iran Eduardo Lima Neto
Renan Vieira Rocha
Alyson Brayner Sousa Estácio
Isabel Cristina da Silva Araújo
Nayara Rochelli de Sousa Luna
Michele Cunha Pontes
Arthur Costa Tomaz de Souza
Eunice Maia de Andrade
Determination of the Total Phosphorus Decay Coefficient Based on Hydrological Models in an Artificial Reservoir in the Brazilian Semi-Arid Region
Hydrology
geochemical modelling
water quality
eutrophication
title Determination of the Total Phosphorus Decay Coefficient Based on Hydrological Models in an Artificial Reservoir in the Brazilian Semi-Arid Region
title_full Determination of the Total Phosphorus Decay Coefficient Based on Hydrological Models in an Artificial Reservoir in the Brazilian Semi-Arid Region
title_fullStr Determination of the Total Phosphorus Decay Coefficient Based on Hydrological Models in an Artificial Reservoir in the Brazilian Semi-Arid Region
title_full_unstemmed Determination of the Total Phosphorus Decay Coefficient Based on Hydrological Models in an Artificial Reservoir in the Brazilian Semi-Arid Region
title_short Determination of the Total Phosphorus Decay Coefficient Based on Hydrological Models in an Artificial Reservoir in the Brazilian Semi-Arid Region
title_sort determination of the total phosphorus decay coefficient based on hydrological models in an artificial reservoir in the brazilian semi arid region
topic geochemical modelling
water quality
eutrophication
url https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5338/12/2/36
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