HPV Vaccines – An Overview
Human papilloma viruses (HPVs) are a group of viruses that can infect the stratified epithelium of the skin and mucosa. Based on their oncogenic potential, they can be divided into high risk and low risk types. HPV accounts for 7,30,000 cases of cancers all over the world. In June 2006, the first HP...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Indian Journal of Dermatology |
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| Online Access: | https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/ijd.ijd_805_24 |
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| author | Aparajita Ghosh Sambit Chatterjee Ananya Dawn Anupam Das |
| author_facet | Aparajita Ghosh Sambit Chatterjee Ananya Dawn Anupam Das |
| author_sort | Aparajita Ghosh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Human papilloma viruses (HPVs) are a group of viruses that can infect the stratified epithelium of the skin and mucosa. Based on their oncogenic potential, they can be divided into high risk and low risk types. HPV accounts for 7,30,000 cases of cancers all over the world. In June 2006, the first HPV vaccine – Gardasil – was approved by the FDA. After this in 2007, Cervarix was approved and finally Gardasil 9 in 2014. Currently, there are six prophylactic vaccines against HPV, of which five have been pre-qualified by WHO. The bivalent vaccines offer protection against acquiring HPV 16 and 18, which cause 70% of cervical cancers. The quadrivalent and nonavalent vaccines offer additional protection against low-risk HPV 6 and 11. The currently available vaccines have been found to be safe in both pre- and post-licensure trials. The vaccines offer excellent protection against cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia of grade 2 and 3. The role of HPV vaccines in prevention of other cancers is mostly supported by small retrospective studies. The currently available vaccines are approved for prophylactic use only. There have been attempts to use HPV vaccines therapeutically, and there are conflicting reports regarding their efficacy. This article reviews the currently available vaccines, their indications, adverse effects, contraindications, and epidemiological impact. It also highlights the off label therapeutic uses in various conditions and other potential vaccine candidates. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-9aeb9074c2834ccdb87806e428a1ca17 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 0019-5154 1998-3611 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Indian Journal of Dermatology |
| spelling | doaj-art-9aeb9074c2834ccdb87806e428a1ca172025-08-20T03:31:33ZengWolters Kluwer Medknow PublicationsIndian Journal of Dermatology0019-51541998-36112025-07-0170418820010.4103/ijd.ijd_805_24HPV Vaccines – An OverviewAparajita GhoshSambit ChatterjeeAnanya DawnAnupam DasHuman papilloma viruses (HPVs) are a group of viruses that can infect the stratified epithelium of the skin and mucosa. Based on their oncogenic potential, they can be divided into high risk and low risk types. HPV accounts for 7,30,000 cases of cancers all over the world. In June 2006, the first HPV vaccine – Gardasil – was approved by the FDA. After this in 2007, Cervarix was approved and finally Gardasil 9 in 2014. Currently, there are six prophylactic vaccines against HPV, of which five have been pre-qualified by WHO. The bivalent vaccines offer protection against acquiring HPV 16 and 18, which cause 70% of cervical cancers. The quadrivalent and nonavalent vaccines offer additional protection against low-risk HPV 6 and 11. The currently available vaccines have been found to be safe in both pre- and post-licensure trials. The vaccines offer excellent protection against cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia of grade 2 and 3. The role of HPV vaccines in prevention of other cancers is mostly supported by small retrospective studies. The currently available vaccines are approved for prophylactic use only. There have been attempts to use HPV vaccines therapeutically, and there are conflicting reports regarding their efficacy. This article reviews the currently available vaccines, their indications, adverse effects, contraindications, and epidemiological impact. It also highlights the off label therapeutic uses in various conditions and other potential vaccine candidates.https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/ijd.ijd_805_24human papilloma virusnonavalentquadrivalent |
| spellingShingle | Aparajita Ghosh Sambit Chatterjee Ananya Dawn Anupam Das HPV Vaccines – An Overview Indian Journal of Dermatology human papilloma virus nonavalent quadrivalent |
| title | HPV Vaccines – An Overview |
| title_full | HPV Vaccines – An Overview |
| title_fullStr | HPV Vaccines – An Overview |
| title_full_unstemmed | HPV Vaccines – An Overview |
| title_short | HPV Vaccines – An Overview |
| title_sort | hpv vaccines an overview |
| topic | human papilloma virus nonavalent quadrivalent |
| url | https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/ijd.ijd_805_24 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT aparajitaghosh hpvvaccinesanoverview AT sambitchatterjee hpvvaccinesanoverview AT ananyadawn hpvvaccinesanoverview AT anupamdas hpvvaccinesanoverview |